{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T05:03:51Z","timestamp":1791435831228,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurophysiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> The induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampal CA1 region requires both presynaptic activity and large postsynaptic depolarization. A standard protocol for inducing LTP using whole-cell recording is to pair low-frequency synaptic stimulation (100\u2013200 pulses, 1\u20132 Hz) with a depolarizing voltage-clamp pulse (1\u20133 min duration). In this standard protocol, a Cs<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>-based internal solution is used to improve the fidelity of the depolarization produced by voltage-clamp. In an attempt to induce LTP more rapidly, we tried to induce LTP by pairing high-frequency stimulation (200 pulses, 20\u2013100 Hz) with a short depolarization (\u223c15 s). Surprisingly, we found that this protocol failed to induce LTP, even though large LTP (\u223c300% of baseline) could be induced by a subsequent standard protocol in the same cell. Pairing brief high-frequency stimulation at the beginning of a long depolarization (3 min) also did not induce LTP. However, the same high-frequency stimulation at the end of the long depolarization did induce LTP. When similar experiments were done with a K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>-based internal solution, pairing high-frequency stimulation with a short depolarization did induce LTP. This indicates that the requirement for long depolarization is related to the use of Cs<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>. We speculate that, when recording is made with Cs<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>, a tetanus given at the beginning of depolarization initiates a process that inhibits N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA)\u2013dependent LTP. This inhibitory process itself decays away during prolonged depolarization. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1999.82.2.526","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,25]],"date-time":"2017-12-25T05:31:26Z","timestamp":1514179886000},"page":"526-532","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Requirements for LTP Induction by Pairing in Hippocampal CA1 Pyramidal Cells"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Huan-Xin","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Volen Center for Complex Systems, Biology Department, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolai","family":"Otmakhov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Volen Center for Complex Systems, Biology Department, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Lisman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Volen Center for Complex Systems, Biology Department, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/361031a0"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ne.13.030190.002355"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(98)00042-6"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.12-01-00180.1992"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.07-03-00774.1987"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(84)90530-5"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)80421-3"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(93)90282-K"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/357240a0"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.13-02-00674.1993"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.82.9.3055"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.279.5355.1363"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.physiol.60.1.327"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.18-19-07613.1998"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.275.5297.209"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1850871"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/346177a0"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/355050a0"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1993.70.4.1451"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/309261a0"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/307462a0"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.17-14-05357.1997"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1993.sp019911"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(93)90111-4"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.8.4732"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.18-18-07118.1998"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/24512"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurophysiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.physiology.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1152\/jn.1999.82.2.526","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,9]],"date-time":"2019-09-09T04:23:08Z","timestamp":1568002988000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.physiology.org\/doi\/10.1152\/jn.1999.82.2.526"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,8,1]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,8,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1152\/jn.1999.82.2.526"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jn.1999.82.2.526","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3077","1522-1598"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3077","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-1598","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,8,1]]}}}