{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T06:40:04Z","timestamp":1773729604883,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurophysiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The role of \u03b3-aminobutyric acid-A (GABA<jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>) and GABA<jats:sub>C<\/jats:sub>receptors in the GABA-induced biphasic response in neurons of the rat major pelvic ganglia (MPG) were examined in vitro. Application of GABA (100 \u03bcM) to MPG neurons produced a biphasic response, an initial depolarization (GABA<jats:sub>d<\/jats:sub>) followed by a hyperpolarization (GABA<jats:sub>h<\/jats:sub>). The input resistance of the MPG neurons was decreased during the GABA<jats:sub>d<\/jats:sub>, whereas it was increased during the GABA<jats:sub>h<\/jats:sub>. The GABA<jats:sub>d<\/jats:sub>could be further separated into the early component (early GABA<jats:sub>d<\/jats:sub>) with a duration of 27 \u00b1 5 s (mean \u00b1 SE; n = 11) and the late component (late GABA<jats:sub>d<\/jats:sub>) with a duration of 109 \u00b1 11 s ( n = 11). The duration of the GABA<jats:sub>h<\/jats:sub>was 516 \u00b1 64 s ( n = 11). The effects of GABA (5\u2013500 \u03bcM) in producing the depolarization and the hyperpolarization were concentration-dependent. GABA (5\u201330 \u03bcM) induced only late depolarizations. The early component of the depolarization appeared when the concentration of GABA was &gt;50 \u03bcM. Muscimol produced only early depolarizing responses. Baclofen (100 \u03bcM) had no effect on the membrane potential and input resistance of MPG neurons. Bicuculline (60 \u03bcM) blocked the early GABA<jats:sub>d<\/jats:sub>but not the late GABA<jats:sub>d<\/jats:sub>and the GABA<jats:sub>h<\/jats:sub>. Application of picrotoxin (100 \u03bcM) with bicuculline (60 \u03bcM) blocked both the late GABA<jats:sub>d<\/jats:sub>and the GABA<jats:sub>h<\/jats:sub>. CGP55845A (3 \u03bcM), a selective GABA<jats:sub>B<\/jats:sub>receptor antagonist, did not affect the GABA-induced responses. cis-4-Aminocrotonic acid (CACA, 1 mM) and trans-4-aminocrotonic acid (TACA, 1 mM), selective GABA<jats:sub>C<\/jats:sub>receptor agonists, produced late biphasic responses in the MPG neurons. The duration of the CACA responses was almost the same as those of the late GABA<jats:sub>d<\/jats:sub>and GABA<jats:sub>h<\/jats:sub>obtained in the presence of bicuculline. Imidazole-4-acetic acid (I4AA, 100 \u03bcM), a GABA<jats:sub>C<\/jats:sub>receptor antagonist, depressed the late GABA<jats:sub>d<\/jats:sub>and the GABA<jats:sub>h<\/jats:sub>but not the early GABA<jats:sub>d<\/jats:sub>. I4AA (100 \u03bcM) and picrotoxin (100 \u03bcM) also suppressed the biphasic response to CACA. The early GABA<jats:sub>d<\/jats:sub>and the late GABA<jats:sub>d<\/jats:sub>were reversed in polarity at \u221232 \u00b1 3 mV ( n = 7) and \u221238 \u00b1 2 mV ( n = 4), respectively, in the Krebs solution. The reversal potential of the GABA<jats:sub>h<\/jats:sub>was \u221234 \u00b1 2 mV ( n = 4) in the Krebs solution. The reversal potentials of the late GABA<jats:sub>d<\/jats:sub>and the GABA<jats:sub>h<\/jats:sub>shifted to \u221220 \u00b1 3 mV ( n = 5) and \u221222 \u00b1 3 mV ( n = 5), respectively, in 85 mM Cl<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>solution. These results indicate that the late GABA<jats:sub>d<\/jats:sub>and the GABA<jats:sub>h<\/jats:sub>are mediated predominantly by bicuculline-insensitive, picrotoxin-sensitive GABA receptors, GABA<jats:sub>C<\/jats:sub>(or GABA<jats:sub>AOr<\/jats:sub>) receptors, in neurons of the rat MPG.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1999.82.3.1489","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,25]],"date-time":"2017-12-25T05:29:51Z","timestamp":1514179791000},"page":"1489-1496","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Role of GABA<sub>A<\/sub>and GABA<sub>C<\/sub>Receptors in the Biphasic GABA Responses in Neurons of the Rat Major Pelvic Ganglia"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Takashi","family":"Akasu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshikazu","family":"Munakata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and"},{"name":"Department of Urology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masashi","family":"Tsurusaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Hasuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-0082(95)98602-2"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-6997(24)01363-2","volume":"50","author":"Barnard E. 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