{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T04:03:55Z","timestamp":1768795435691,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurophysiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The neuronal plasticity in the spinal dorsal horn induced after conditioning low-frequency stimulation of afferent A fibers, and its relationship with spinal inhibitory networks, was investigated with an optical-imaging method that detects neuronal excitation. High-intensity single-pulse stimulation of the dorsal root activating both A and C fibers evoked an optical response in the dorsal horn in transverse slices of 12- to 25-day-old rat spinal cords stained with a voltage-sensitive dye, RH-482. The optical response, reflecting the net excitation of neuronal elements along the thickness of each slice, was suppressed after a conditioning low-frequency stimulation (0.2\u20131 Hz for 10 min) to A fibers in the dorsal root. The degree of suppression was largest in the lamina II of the dorsal horn (48% reduction), where the majority of C fibers terminate, and much less in the deeper dorsal horn (5% reduction in laminae III\u2013IV). The onset of suppression was somewhat slow; after the low-frequency stimulation, the magnitude of excitation gradually decreased, reached the maximum effect 30 min after the conditioning, and remained at the suppressed level for &gt;1 h. Suppression was not observed when the low-frequency stimulation was given during a 20-min perfusion with a solution containing an NMDA-receptor antagonist, dl-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (30 \u03bcM). A brief application of an opioid-receptor antagonist, naloxone (0.5 \u03bcM), inhibited the induction, but not the maintenance, of low-frequency stimulus-induced suppression. However, treatments with the GABA<jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>receptor antagonist bicuculline (1 \u03bcM) and the glycine receptor antagonist strychnine (0.3 \u03bcM) did not affect suppression induction and maintenance. In conclusion, conditioning low-frequency stimulation to A fibers interferes with the afferent-induced excitation in the dorsal horn. The low-frequency stimulation-induced suppression is maintained by a reduction of glutamatergic excitatory transmissions in the dorsal horn, not by an enhanced inhibition. Activation of the spinal opioid-mediated system by low-frequency stimulation, but not the inhibitory amino acid\u2013mediated system, is necessary to initiate robust suppression. The long-term depression of afferent synaptic efficacy onto excitatory interneurons likely takes the primary role in the robust suppression of neuronal excitation in the dorsal horn.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1999.82.4.1957","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,25]],"date-time":"2017-12-25T05:25:37Z","timestamp":1514179537000},"page":"1957-1964","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Robust Suppression of Afferent-Induced Excitation in the Rat Spinal Dorsal Horn After Conditioning Low-Frequency Stimulation"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Ikeda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human and Artificial Intelligent Systems, Fukui University, Fukui 910, Japan; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tatsuya","family":"Asai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human and Artificial Intelligent Systems, Fukui University, Fukui 910, Japan; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mirjana","family":"Randi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazuyuki","family":"Murase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human and Artificial Intelligent Systems, Fukui University, Fukui 910, Japan; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1977.40.2.199"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0959-4388(94)90101-5"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/361031a0"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-0186(92)90021-I"},{"key":"B5","first-page":"604","volume":"21","author":"Chen G.-D.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Soc. 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