{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,5]],"date-time":"2025-10-05T16:47:28Z","timestamp":1759682848749},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurophysiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The maintenance of ion homeostasis requires adequate ion sensors. In leeches, 34 nephridial nerve cells (NNCs) monitor the Cl<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>concentration of the blood. After a blood meal, the Cl<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>concentration of leech blood triples and is gradually restored to its normal value within 48 h after feeding. As previously shown in voltage-clamp experiments, the Cl<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>sensitivity of the NNCs relies on a persistent depolarizing Cl<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>current that is turned off by an increase of the extracellular Cl<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>concentration. The activation of this Cl<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>-dependent Cl<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>current is independent of voltage and of extra- and intracellular Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>. The transduction mechanism is now characterized on the single-channel level. The NNC's sensitivity to Cl<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>is mediated by a slowly gating Cl<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>-dependent Cl<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>channel with a mean conductance of 50 pS in the cell-attached configuration. Gating of the Cl<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>channel is independent of voltage, and channel activity is independent of extra- and intracellular Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>. Channel activity and the macroscopic current are reversibly blocked by bumetanide. In outside-out patches, changes of the extracellular Cl<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>concentration do not affect channel activity, indicating that channel gating is not via direct interaction of extracellular Cl<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>with the channel. As shown by recordings in the cell-attached configuration, the activity of the channels under the patch is instead governed by the Cl<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>concentration sensed by the rest of the cell. We postulate a membrane-bound Cl<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>-sensing receptor, which\u2014on the increase of the extracellular Cl<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>concentration\u2014closes the Cl<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>channel via a yet unidentified signaling pathway.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.2001.86.4.1826","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,21]],"date-time":"2017-12-21T11:50:23Z","timestamp":1513857023000},"page":"1826-1838","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Indirectly Gated Cl<sup>\u2212<\/sup>-Dependent Cl<sup>\u2212<\/sup>Channels Sense Physiological Changes of Extracellular Chloride in the Leech"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Angela","family":"Wenning","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fakult\u00e4t f\u00fcr Biologie, Universit\u00e4t Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian F. 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