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The occurrence of hypoxia-induced spreading depression (HSD)\u2014an experimental model for ischemic stroke\u2014was hastened in Mecp2<jats:sup>\u2212 \/y<\/jats:sup> males. The extracellular K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> rise during HSD was attenuated in Mecp2<jats:sup>\u2212 \/y<\/jats:sup> males and the input resistance of CA1 pyramidal neurons decreased less before HSD onset. CA1 pyramidal neurons were smaller and more densely packed, but the cell swelling during HSD was unaffected. The intrinsic optical signal and the propagation of HSD were similar among the different genotypes. Basal synaptic function was intact, but Mecp2<jats:sup>\u2212 \/y<\/jats:sup> males showed reduced paired-pulse facilitation and higher field potential\/fiber volley ratios, but no increased seizure susceptibility. Synaptic failure during hypoxia was complete in all genotypes and the final degree of posthypoxic synaptic recovery indistinguishable. Cellular ATP content was normal in Mecp2<jats:sup>\u2212 \/y<\/jats:sup> males, but their hematocrit was increased as was HIF-1\u03b1 expression throughout the brain. This is the first study showing that in Rett syndrome, the susceptibility of telencephalic neuronal networks to hypoxia is increased; the underlying molecular mechanisms apparently involve disturbed K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> channel function. 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