{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T17:34:33Z","timestamp":1791912873883,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurophysiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Although the trichomes (spicules) of a pod of cowhage ( Mucuna pruriens) are known to evoke a histamine-independent itch that is mediated by a cysteine protease, little is known of the itch and accompanying nociceptive sensations evoked by a single spicule and the enhanced itch and pain that can occur in the surrounding skin. The tip of a single spicule applied to the forearm of 45 subjects typically evoked 1) itch accompanied by nociceptive sensations (NS) of pricking\/stinging and, to a lesser extent, burning, and 2) one or more areas of cutaneous dysesthesia characterized by hyperknesis (enhanced itch to pricking) with or without alloknesis (itch to stroking) and\/or hyperalgesia (enhanced pricking pain). Itch could occur in the absence of NS or one or more dysesthesias but very rarely the reverse. The peak magnitude of sensation was positively correlated for itch and NS and increased (exhibited spatial summation) as the number of spicules was increased within a spatial extent of 6 cm but not 1 cm. The areas of dysesthesia did not exhibit spatial summation. We conclude that itch evoked by a punctate chemical stimulus can co-exist with NS and cutaneous dysesthesias as may occur in clinical pruritus. However, cowhage itch was not always accompanied by NS or dysesthesia nor was a momentary change in itch necessarily accompanied by a similar change in NS or vice versa. Thus there may be separate neural coding mechanisms for itch, nociceptive sensations, and each type of dysesthesia. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.91268.2008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,14]],"date-time":"2009-01-14T22:36:29Z","timestamp":1231972589000},"page":"1430-1443","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["Pruritic and Nociceptive Sensations and Dysesthesias From a Spicule of Cowhage"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"R. H.","family":"LaMotte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. G.","family":"Shimada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B. G.","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Zelterman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1983.49.1.111"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/82924"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08990229970366"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2004.02.033"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1991.66.1.212"},{"key":"R6","unstructured":"Bickford RG. Experiments relating to the itch sensation, its peripheral mechanism, and central pathways. Clin Sci 3: 377\u2013386, 1938."},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpneuro0806"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2008.05.010"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(83)90650-9"},{"key":"R10","unstructured":"Carstens E, Merrill AW, Akiyama T, Carstens MI. Intradermal PAR-2 agonist excites superficial dorsal horn neurons in the mouse: potential role in itch. Soc Neurosci Abstr 771.10, 2008a."},{"key":"R11","unstructured":"Carstens MI, Akiyama T, Merrill AW, Anotto KL, Carstens E. Scratching behavior and Fos expression in superficial dorsal horn elicited by protease-activated receptor agonists and other itch mediators in mice. Soc Neurosci Abstr 771.11, 2008b."},{"key":"R12","unstructured":"Davidson S, Zhang X, Khasabov SG, Simone DA, Giesler GJ Jr. Responses and modulation of monkey spinothalamic tract neurons to itch producing and itch-inhibiting stimuli. Acta Derm Venereol 87: 475, 2008."},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2862-07.2007"},{"key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI102414"},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03205007"},{"key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/15569529509057664"},{"key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/21.3.323"},{"key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/08990228909144692"},{"key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/08990228909144676"},{"key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-002-1280-9"},{"key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2007.11.013"},{"key":"R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2006.10.013"},{"key":"R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(93)90228-H"},{"key":"R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1991.66.1.307"},{"key":"R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2004.10.003"},{"key":"R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1760-08.2008"},{"key":"R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1249-07.2007"},{"key":"R28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1991.66.1.190"},{"key":"R29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WNR.0b013e3282fdf6c5"},{"key":"R30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-0479"},{"key":"R31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.90482.2008"},{"key":"R32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1526-5900(03)00637-0"},{"key":"R33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1989.sp017737"},{"key":"R34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-11-04766.2003"},{"key":"R35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1976.39.5.936"},{"key":"R36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0716-08.2008"},{"key":"R37","unstructured":"Schepers RJ, Johanek LM, Hartke TV, Shim B, Borzan J, Meyer RA, Ringkamp M. A subpopulation of A\u03b4 nociceptors in monkey is vigorously activated by cowhage spicules. Soc Neurosci Abstr 170.3, 2008."},{"key":"R38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200002280-00041"},{"key":"R39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.17-20-08003.1997"},{"key":"R40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.01139.2002"},{"key":"R41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1957.01550210020004"},{"key":"R42","unstructured":"Shimada SG, Green BG, LaMotte RH. Effects of a conduction block in myelinated nerve fibers on pruritic and nociceptive sensations evoked by application of cowhage spicules in human. Soc Neurosci Abstr 70.12, 2007."},{"key":"R43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2008.08.002"},{"key":"R44","unstructured":"Sikand P, Shimada SG, Green BG, LaMotte RH. Capsaicin and histamine produce itch when delivered via inactivated-cowhage spicules. Soc Neurosci Abstr 7.107, 2008."},{"key":"R46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/08990229109144750"},{"key":"R47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(89)90079-1"},{"key":"R48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00527.2003"},{"key":"R49","unstructured":"Torebjork HE, Hallin RG. C fibre receptors in human skin. In: Sensory Functions of the Skin in Primates, edited by Zotterman Y. Oxford, UK: Pergamon Press, 1976."},{"key":"R50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1254\/jphs.08200SC"},{"key":"R51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(87)90156-9"},{"key":"R52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(87)90157-0"},{"key":"R53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.19-22-10184.1999"},{"key":"R54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1529-8019.2008.00167.x"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurophysiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.physiology.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1152\/jn.91268.2008","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,9]],"date-time":"2019-09-09T02:30:35Z","timestamp":1567996235000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.physiology.org\/doi\/10.1152\/jn.91268.2008"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1152\/jn.91268.2008"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jn.91268.2008","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3077","1522-1598"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3077","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-1598","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]}}}