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To explore the influence of MyD88 on induction of immune responses in vivo on a genome-wide level, wildtype (WT) or MyD88<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>mice were infected with C. pneumoniae on anesthesia, and the pulmonary transcriptome was analyzed 3 days later by microarrays. We found that the infection caused pulmonary cellular infiltration in WT but not MyD88<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>mice. Furthermore, it induced the transcription of 360 genes and repressed 18 genes in WT mice. Of these, 221 genes were not or weakly induced in lungs of MyD88<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>mice. This cluster contains primarily genes encoding for chemokines and cytokines like MIP-1\u03b1, MIP-2, MIP-1\u03b3, MCP-1, TNF, and KC and other immune effector molecules like immunoresponsive gene-1 and TLR2. Arginase was highly induced after C. pneumoniae infection and was MyD88 dependent. Genes induced by interferons were abundant in a cluster of 102 genes that were only partially MyD88 dependent. Also, lcn2 (lipocalin-2) and timp1 were represented within this cluster. Interestingly, a set of 37 genes including sprr1a was induced more strongly in MyD88<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>mice, and most of them are involved in the regulation of cellular replication. In summary, ex vivo analysis of the pulmonary transcriptome on infection with C. pneumoniae demonstrated a major impact of MyD88 on inflammatory responses but not on interferon-type responses and identified MyD88-independent genes involved in cellular replication.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/physiolgenomics.00011.2007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,21]],"date-time":"2007-03-21T00:22:31Z","timestamp":1174436551000},"page":"134-145","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["MyD88-dependent changes in the pulmonary transcriptome after infection with<i>Chlamydia pneumoniae<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Nuria","family":"Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, Munich, 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