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By employing a unique porcine model mimicking the conditions in the ICU with long-term mechanical ventilation and immobilization, we have analyzed the expression profile of skeletal muscle biopsies taken at three time points during a 5-day period. Among the differentially regulated transcripts, extracellular matrix, energy metabolism, sarcomeric and LIM protein mRNA levels were downregulated, while ubiquitin proteasome system, cathepsins, oxidative stress responsive genes and heat shock proteins (HSP) mRNAs were upregulated. Despite 5 days of immobilization and mechanical ventilation single muscle fiber cross-sectional areas as well as the maximum force generating capacity at the single muscle fiber level were preserved. It is proposed that HSP induction in skeletal muscle is an inherent, primary, but temporary protective mechanism against protein degradation. To our knowledge, this is the first study that isolates the effect of immobilization and mechanical ventilation in an ICU condition from various other cofactors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/physiolgenomics.00026.2009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,25]],"date-time":"2009-08-25T23:08:31Z","timestamp":1251241711000},"page":"141-159","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Gene expression and muscle fiber function in a porcine ICU model"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Varuna C.","family":"Banduseela","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julien","family":"Ochala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, 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