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Repeated blood sampling (via a dorsal aorta cannula) enables us to examine the individual stress response over time. Samples were taken preheat stress (representing individual control) and at 4 and 24 h postheat stress (representing early and late transcriptional regulation). Approximately 3,000 microarray features had signal above threshold when hybridized with RBC RNA-derived targets, and cannulation did not have a detectable effect on RBC mRNA expression at the investigated time points. Genes involved in the stress response, immune response, and apoptosis were among those showing the highest dysregulation during both early and late transcriptional regulation. Additionally, genes related to the differentiation and development of blood cells were transcriptionally upregulated at the 24 h time point. This study provides a broader understanding of the mechanisms underpinning the stress response in fish and the discovery of novel genes that are regulated in a stress specific manner. Moreover, salmonid transcripts that are consistently dysregulated in blood in response to heat stress are potential candidates of nonlethal biomarkers of exposure to this particular stressor.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/physiolgenomics.00067.2010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,16]],"date-time":"2010-06-16T01:36:10Z","timestamp":1276652170000},"page":"361-373","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":95,"title":["Transcriptome responses to heat stress in the nucleated red blood cells of the rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss<\/i>)"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Johanne M.","family":"Lewis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiago S.","family":"Hori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ocean Sciences Centre, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew L.","family":"Rise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ocean Sciences Centre, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland; 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