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An RNase protection assay was used to measure changes in rat bladder cytokine mRNA [interferon-\u03b3 (IFN)-\u03b3, interleukin-1\u03b1\/\u03b2 (IL-1\u03b1\/\u03b2), IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1\/\u03b2 (TNF-\u03b1\/\u03b2)] after acute (4 h), intermediate (48 h), or chronic (10 day) cystitis. The correlation between bladder cytokine mRNA and protein expression was also determined by immunoassay. Although at each time point after cystitis significant changes in bladder cytokine mRNA were observed, the magnitude differed (acute &gt; intermediate &gt; chronic). Acute cystitis demonstrated the most robust changes ( P \u2264 0.005; IL-1\u03b2, 330-fold increase; IL-2, 20-fold increase; IL-4, 8-fold increase; IL-6, 80-fold increase) in cytokine mRNA expression and TNF-\u03b1 or TNF-\u03b2 mRNA were only increased (2\u201310-fold) after acute cystitis. More modest increases in cytokine mRNA expression were observed after 48-h or 10-day cystitis. Cytokine protein expression generally paralleled that of mRNA. Increased cytokine expression after CYP-induced cystitis, alone or in combination with other inflammatory mediators or growth factors, may contribute to altered lower urinary tract function after cystitis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/physiolgenomics.00117.2001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,3]],"date-time":"2015-03-03T15:57:03Z","timestamp":1425398223000},"page":"5-13","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":95,"title":["Changes in urinary bladder cytokine mRNA and protein after cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Susan E.","family":"Malley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Vermont, College of Medicine, Departments of Neurology and Anatomy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret A.","family":"Vizzard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Vermont, College of Medicine, Departments of Neurology and Anatomy"},{"name":"Neurobiology, Burlington, Vermont 05405"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9969(01)00024-3"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(00)02807-9"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.19-02-00859.1999"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-0186(93)90038-7"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0317167100032935"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(97)70056-8"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burch RM, Connor JR, and Axelrod J.\n                      Interleukin-1 amplifies receptor-mediated activation of phospholipase A2 in 3T3 fibroblasts.\n                      Proc Natl Acad Sci USA\n                      85\n                      : 6306\u20136309, 1993.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.85.17.6306"},{"key":"R8","unstructured":"Campbell JN and Meyer RA.\n                      Primary afferents and hyperalgesia. 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