{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T02:00:13Z","timestamp":1792634413618,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Physiological Genomics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Nodaviruses and other RNA viruses have a profoundly negative impact on the global aquaculture industry. Nodaviruses target nervous tissue causing viral nervous necrosis, a disease characterized by neurological damage, swimming abnormalities, and morbidity. This study used functional genomic techniques to study the Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua ) brain transcript expression responses to asymptomatic high nodavirus carrier state and intraperitoneal injection of polyriboinosinic polyribocytidylic acid (pIC). Reciprocal suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) cDNA libraries enriched for virus-responsive brain transcripts were constructed and characterized. We generated 1,938 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from a forward brain SSH library (enriched for transcripts upregulated by nodavirus and\/or pIC) and 1,980 ESTs from a reverse brain SSH library (enriched for transcripts downregulated by nodavirus and\/or pIC). To examine the effect of nodavirus carrier state on individual brain gene expression in asymptomatic cod, 27 transcripts of interest were selected for quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) studies. Transcripts found to be &gt;10-fold upregulated in individuals with a high nodavirus carrier state relative to those in a no\/low nodavirus carrier state were identified as ISG15, IL8, DHX58 (alias LGP2), ZNFX1, RSAD2 (alias viperin), and SACS (sacsin, alias spastic ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay). These and other SSH-identified transcripts were also found by QPCR to be significantly ( P &lt; 0.05) upregulated by pIC compared with saline-injected controls within 72 h of injection. Several transcripts identified in the reverse SSH library, including two putative ubiquitination pathway members (HERC4 and SUMO2), were found to be significantly ( P &lt; 0.05) downregulated in individuals with a high nodavirus carrier state. Our data shows that Atlantic cod brains have a strong interferon pathway response to asymptomatic high nodavirus carrier state and that many interferon pathway and other immune relevant transcripts are significantly induced in brain by both nodavirus and pIC. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/physiolgenomics.00168.2009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,5]],"date-time":"2010-05-05T01:56:25Z","timestamp":1273024585000},"page":"266-280","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Impact of asymptomatic nodavirus carrier state and intraperitoneal viral mimic injection on brain transcript expression in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Matthew L.","family":"Rise","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ocean Sciences Centre, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer R.","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ocean Sciences Centre, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marlies","family":"Rise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ocean Sciences Centre, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiago S.","family":"Hori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ocean Sciences Centre, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitchell J.","family":"Browne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ocean Sciences Centre, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. 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