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Physiol Rev 54: 566\u2013595, 1974) focused on the use of LBNP as a tool to study effects of central hypovolemia, while more than a decade ago a review appeared that focused on LBNP as a model of hemorrhagic shock (Cooke et al. J Appl Physiol (1985) 96: 1249\u20131261, 2004). Since then there has been a great deal of new research that has applied LBNP to investigate complex physiological responses to a variety of challenges including orthostasis, hemorrhage, and other important stressors seen in humans such as microgravity encountered during spaceflight. The LBNP stimulus has provided novel insights into the physiology underlying areas such as intolerance to reduced central blood volume, sex differences concerning blood pressure regulation, autonomic dysfunctions, adaptations to exercise training, and effects of space flight. Furthermore, approaching cardiovascular assessment using prediction models for orthostatic capacity in healthy populations, derived from LBNP tolerance protocols, has provided important insights into the mechanisms of orthostatic hypotension and central hypovolemia, especially in some patient populations as well as in healthy subjects. This review also presents a concise discussion of mathematical modeling regarding compensatory responses induced by LBNP. Given the diverse applications of LBNP, it is to be expected that new and innovative applications of LBNP will be developed to explore the complex physiological mechanisms that underline health and disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00006.2018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,12]],"date-time":"2018-12-12T10:03:15Z","timestamp":1544608995000},"page":"807-851","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":213,"title":["Lower Body Negative Pressure: Physiological Effects, Applications, and Implementation"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Nandu","family":"Goswami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiology Section, Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada; Battlefield Health &amp; Trauma Center for Human Integrative Physiology, Combat Casualty Care Research Program, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew Philip","family":"Blaber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiology Section, Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; 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