{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:19:54Z","timestamp":1792790394756,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":311,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"4","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["German Center for Lung Research (DZL\/ALI 1.5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["German Center for Lung Research (DZL\/ALI 1.5"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["3.3 and 3.4)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3.3 and 3.4)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DFG\/KFO309"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DFG\/KFO309"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["project ID: 284237345; P5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["project ID: 284237345; P5"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EXC 2026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EXC 2026"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["project ID: 390649896"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["project ID: 390649896"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MD\/PhD start-up grant (DFG\/KFO309"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MD\/PhD start-up grant (DFG\/KFO309"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MD\/PhD)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MD\/PhD)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Emmy Noether Programme (STR 1570\/2-1; #532010140)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Emmy Noether Programme (STR 1570\/2-1; #532010140)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009103","name":"Von-Behring-R\u00f6ntgen-Stiftung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Project 66-LV07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Project 66-LV07"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009103","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"HHS | National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HL147070"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HL147070"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"HHS | National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P01AG049665"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P01AG049665"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"HHS | National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P01HL154998"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P01HL154998"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"HHS | National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HL173987-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HL173987-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"HHS | National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HL131745"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HL131745"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000738","name":"U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Merit Review 1 I01 CX002350"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Merit Review 1 I01 CX002350"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000023","name":"Government of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["New Frontiers in Research Fund (NFRFe-2022-00327)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["New Frontiers in Research Fund (NFRFe-2022-00327)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000023","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000275","name":"Leverhulme Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RPG-2015-090"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RPG-2015-090"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000275","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"UKRI | Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/P010393\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/P010393\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.physiology.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Physiological Reviews"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The last two decades of research on carbon dioxide have demonstrated that CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    is far more than a waste product of aerobic metabolism leading to acidosis and that it elicits biological responses directly via non-pH-dependent molecular interactions. New specialized methodologies have mapped CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    incorporation into specific regions of CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    -sensitive proteins and linked these events to altered cellular function. CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    affects a host of biological responses related to respiratory disease, including control of respiration, protein maturation, alveolar fluid homeostasis, wound repair, innate immunity, host defense, and airway contractility. Elevated CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    (hypercapnia) appears to be primarily deleterious in pulmonary diseases, leading to a heightened interest in strategies to reduce excess CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    in patients with hypercapnic respiratory failure. Here, we summarize recently generated knowledge on molecular CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    sensing and signaling and the potential translational relevance of these processes in the context of respiratory disease. We need to grow this field further by encouraging experts in basic and translational science to contribute to more fully elucidating CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    sensing, signaling, and downstream effects. Understanding the biology and clinical consequences of perturbations in CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    homeostasis should no longer be considered secondary to studying oxygen sensing and signaling in respiratory medicine.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00022.2024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,16]],"date-time":"2025-07-16T16:12:01Z","timestamp":1752682321000},"page":"2657-2691","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/aps-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Sensing molecular carbon dioxide: a translational focus for respiratory disease"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"105","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1370-9783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Istv\u00e1n","family":"Vad\u00e1sz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/045f0ws19","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Justus Liebig University, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"German Center for Lung Research","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"The Cardio-Pulmonary Institute","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Institute for Lung Health","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9346-8299","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eoin P.","family":"Cummins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University College Dublin","place":["Ireland"]},{"name":"University College Dublin","place":["Ireland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah H.","family":"Brotherton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Warwick","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. Marina","family":"Casalino-Matsuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwestern University","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0474-718X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura A.","family":"Dada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwestern University","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ori","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technion\u2013Israel Institute of Technology","place":["Israel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dustin T.","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Simon Fraser University","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5683-4990","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vitalii","family":"Kryvenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/045f0ws19","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Justus Liebig University, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"German Center for Lung Research","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"The Cardio-Pulmonary Institute","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Institute for Lung Health","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7767-6584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masahiko","family":"Shigemura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwestern University","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1006-9437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter H. S.","family":"Sporn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwestern University","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Jesse Brown Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6967-9283","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moritz J.","family":"Strowitzki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University College Dublin","place":["Ireland"]},{"name":"University College Dublin","place":["Ireland"]},{"name":"Justus Liebig University","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin J.","family":"Cann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Durham University","place":["United Kingdom"]},{"name":"Durham University","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2089-4764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacob I.","family":"Sznajder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwestern University","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00003.2019"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1946.tb00389.x"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2011-0395PS"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1970.50.2.196"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0001238"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0046696"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI29723"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00757"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2000085"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1500150"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-32008-x"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1251120"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2012-0487OC"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0905925106"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.09-136895"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.159331"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.290056"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00016.2019"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1994.tb44066.x"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-014-1633-9"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaa0922"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2005.102533"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91534-2.00007-2"},{"key":"B24","first-page":"165","volume":"7","author":"Drury AN","year":"1918","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1534582304265945"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2009.10.029"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.01213"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/2221243a0"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0968-0004(83)90393-6"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2022.825706"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abi5507"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M807239200"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0910059107"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1322778111"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-36119-6"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0812220106"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2015040439"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2017.52"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1000701"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.347971"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M116.755090"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imcb.12642"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25052852"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M114.625715"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2019-0061OC"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2020.600290"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2100665"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M116.713941"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41589-022-01043-1"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-05475-z"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M116.750034"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1904.tb01382.x"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1914.sp001659"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1934.sp003212"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)40546-1"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)81264-4"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00564a027"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00648a012"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pp.32.060181.002025"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsfs.2020.0028"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)38372-3"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadva.2023.100096"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2013.03.011"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2002-0126OC"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2006.1838"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11120-013-9905-3"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature24278"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cr.2015.59"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-32925-6"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25020898"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.13584"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201909690"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja103947j"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja306891c"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja410557x"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cclet.2018.09.002"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.2c02361"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hlca.19210040192"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-65107-9"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1905.sp001081"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.1999.00899.x"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1982.sp014397"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109902200"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2005.095968"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2010.192096"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2010.192088"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.str.2022.02.010"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8266101"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/301762"},{"key":"B90","first-page":"190","volume":"12","author":"Devi RR","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol Vis"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep04121"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/387080a0"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-008-0602-9"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/3845"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)11124-2"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-30757-3"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.09.042"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP280747"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP285885"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-019-0576-2"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsob.140208"},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07869"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03819-2"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-020-01248-x"},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2006.051242"},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/339986"},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2008.335"},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00374.2012"},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00087.2013"},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00626.2006"},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199802193380813"},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2019.00841"},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.93686"},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00591"},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00319.2015"},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00003.2002"},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.163.6.2004035"},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00008.2022"},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00161.2020"},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1306798111"},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.123467"},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101592"},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI83931"},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI16826"},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-019-0069-0"},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200407-954OC"},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2004-0407OC"},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e31816f485e"},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201403-0535OE"},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-007-0662-7"},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00569.2016"},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2016-0358OC"},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-007-0661-8"},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3380717"},{"key":"B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.00813-15"},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M401957200"},{"key":"B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.689983"},{"key":"B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1360370"},{"key":"B139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2012-0373OC"},{"key":"B140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000125623.56442.20"},{"key":"B141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.2001.281.3.F391"},{"key":"B142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00206.2012"},{"key":"B143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M611329200"},{"key":"B144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2007.04.013"},{"key":"B145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00056.2021"},{"key":"B146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.2000.278.5.L1025"},{"key":"B147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2022.102358"},{"key":"B148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12551-021-00860-3"},{"key":"B149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.1993.265.6.L555"},{"key":"B150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.08-120568"},{"key":"B151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.RA119.008825"},{"key":"B152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrestox.4c00059"},{"key":"B153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceb.2011.05.004"},{"key":"B154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/0264-6021:3550389"},{"key":"B155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2017.10.006"},{"key":"B156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a033910"},{"key":"B157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2013.06.028"},{"key":"B158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/boc.201800029"},{"key":"B159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.735580"},{"key":"B160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0018-2017"},{"key":"B161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200802-313OC"},{"key":"B162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21041467"},{"key":"B163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201802056R"},{"key":"B164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1582-4934.2006.tb00407.x"},{"key":"B165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2004.05.144"},{"key":"B166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2017.05.028"},{"key":"B167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2015.02.004"},{"key":"B168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature17041"},{"key":"B169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aat1662"},{"key":"B170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.349191"},{"key":"B171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP271309"},{"key":"B172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2001.90.6.2094"},{"key":"B173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00107.2003"},{"key":"B174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2021-0114OC"},{"key":"B175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2010.08.002"},{"key":"B176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1582-4934.2009.00952.x"},{"key":"B177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP273781"},{"key":"B178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200309-1223OC"},{"key":"B179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-030212-183756"},{"key":"B180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2014.07.012"},{"key":"B181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-36951-7"},{"key":"B182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00067.2015"},{"key":"B183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2008.110304"},{"key":"B184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2007.12.006"},{"key":"B185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2019-0354OC"},{"key":"B186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2015.04.051"},{"key":"B187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.118232"},{"key":"B188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.15-1591"},{"key":"B189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2004.08.069"},{"key":"B190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI68782"},{"key":"B191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12930"},{"key":"B192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature25786"},{"key":"B193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14348\/molcells.2020.0059"},{"key":"B194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.22019"},{"key":"B195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.12-0576"},{"key":"B196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.10.014"},{"key":"B197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/OAEM.S242075"},{"key":"B198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200410-1369OC"},{"key":"B199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.20984"},{"key":"B200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/copd.2007.2.1.55"},{"key":"B201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2009.07.010"},{"key":"B202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/15412555.2013.777400"},{"key":"B203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2022.154022"},{"key":"B204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jsre.1996.0259"},{"key":"B205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00394.2004"},{"key":"B206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e31817d1b59"},{"key":"B207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/1074-7613(95)90001-2"},{"key":"B208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.64.12.5211-5218.1996"},{"key":"B209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/10430349950018300"},{"key":"B210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.66.12.5999-6003.1998"},{"key":"B211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.66.9.4564-4567.1998"},{"key":"B212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00661-06"},{"key":"B213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201701164R"},{"key":"B214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsfs.2020.0039"},{"key":"B215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3002367"},{"key":"B216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1501708"},{"key":"B217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.170316"},{"key":"B218","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.4451"},{"key":"B219","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(14)70153-5"},{"key":"B220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.10813"},{"key":"B221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.164.5.2007060"},{"key":"B222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200205-394OC"},{"key":"B223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.162.6.2003066"},{"key":"B224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2014.09.008"},{"key":"B225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000001908"},{"key":"B226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.1220"},{"key":"B227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10040836"},{"key":"B228","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.2410003"},{"key":"B229","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/cc9238"},{"key":"B230","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-016-4611-1"},{"key":"B231","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7678183"},{"key":"B232","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.123.3191.309"},{"key":"B233","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12858"},{"key":"B234","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2390121"},{"key":"B235","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2016.70"},{"key":"B236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.144.6.1465"},{"key":"B237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2020.08.012"},{"key":"B238","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2020.630910"},{"key":"B239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2448"},{"key":"B240","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01462"},{"key":"B241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2025.108252"},{"key":"B242","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.182842"},{"key":"B243","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1962.sp006956"},{"key":"B244","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1995.78.1.117"},{"key":"B245","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00023.2003"},{"key":"B246","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3003.1999.14a13.x"},{"key":"B247","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1994.76.2.743"},{"key":"B248","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.1992.262.3.L263"},{"key":"B249","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00406.2020"},{"key":"B250","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.585895"},{"key":"B251","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.200910365"},{"key":"B252","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.154.4.8887592"},{"key":"B253","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.15-0681"},{"key":"B254","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsfs.2020.0021"},{"key":"B255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01671026"},{"key":"B256","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1953.sp004848"},{"key":"B257","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1966.sp008040"},{"key":"B258","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1957.191.2.411"},{"key":"B259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1903.sp000947"},{"key":"B260","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2010.10.004"},{"key":"B261","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1975.38.4.603"},{"key":"B262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00039.2015"},{"key":"B263","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01031.2005"},{"key":"B264","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1018132108"},{"key":"B265","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-54683-0"},{"key":"B266","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9092819"},{"key":"B267","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01003-2019"},{"key":"B268","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202006-2382ST"},{"key":"B269","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.27.4.480"},{"key":"B270","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/arrd.1970.101.6.885"},{"key":"B271","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/arrd.1976.114.5.861"},{"key":"B272","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/y11-052"},{"key":"B273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.1995.268.2.L207"},{"key":"B274","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5687(86)90078-2"},{"key":"B275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.1995.268.4.L642"},{"key":"B276","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6623093"},{"key":"B277","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000342036"},{"key":"B278","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.202009-1197OC"},{"key":"B279","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200005043421801"},{"key":"B280","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa1410639"},{"key":"B281","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e318258f8b4"},{"key":"B282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e3181dfd2fe"},{"key":"B283","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2014.277616"},{"key":"B284","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.2013.118"},{"key":"B285","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ccm.0000194533.75481.03"},{"key":"B286","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.202102-104OC"},{"key":"B287","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2020.05.605"},{"key":"B288","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000002332"},{"key":"B289","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.10507"},{"key":"B290","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-022-06640-1"},{"key":"B291","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.09052"},{"key":"B292","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002480-197700230-00005"},{"key":"B293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-197702000-00012"},{"key":"B294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.149.2.8306022"},{"key":"B295","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-012-2787-6"},{"key":"B296","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.13374"},{"key":"B297","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0030-2022"},{"key":"B298","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2020.598379"},{"key":"B299","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-023-01113-0"},{"key":"B300","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-018-2038-5"},{"key":"B301","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201502-0289OC"},{"key":"B302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aor.14044"},{"key":"B303","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAT.0000000000000879"},{"key":"B304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra012457"},{"key":"B305","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02770903.2021.1959926"},{"key":"B306","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.46.1.28"},{"key":"B307","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-021-01473-y"},{"key":"B308","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2003.048785"},{"key":"B309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2016.62"},{"key":"B310","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-019-0697-9"},{"key":"B311","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-020-1051-y"}],"container-title":["Physiological Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.physiology.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1152\/physrev.00022.2024","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,25]],"date-time":"2025-08-25T12:55:01Z","timestamp":1756126501000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.physiology.org\/doi\/10.1152\/physrev.00022.2024"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]},"references-count":311,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1152\/physrev.00022.2024"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/physrev.00022.2024","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-9333","1522-1210"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-9333","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-1210","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-05-31","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-08-09","order":1,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-27","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-08-25","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}