{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T19:56:33Z","timestamp":1792180593624,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":420,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"2","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5R01DK118910-04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5R01DK118910-04"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DK121531"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DK121531"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IZK0Z3_158027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IZK0Z3_158027"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.physiology.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Physiological Reviews"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> The cephalic phase insulin response (CPIR) is classically defined as a head receptor-induced early release of insulin during eating that precedes a postabsorptive rise in blood glucose. Here we discuss, first, the various stimuli that elicit the CPIR and the sensory signaling pathways (sensory limb) involved; second, the efferent pathways that control the various endocrine events associated with eating (motor limb); and third, what is known about the central integrative processes linking the sensory and motor limbs. Fourth, in doing so, we identify open questions and problems with respect to the CPIR in general. Specifically, we consider test conditions that allow, or may not allow, the stimulus to reach the potentially relevant taste receptors and to trigger a CPIR. The possible significance of sweetness and palatability as crucial stimulus features and whether conditioning plays a role in the CPIR are also discussed. Moreover, we ponder the utility of the strict classical CPIR definition based on what is known about the effects of vagal motor neuron activation and thereby acetylcholine on the \u03b2-cells, together with the difficulties of the accurate assessment of insulin release. Finally, we weigh the evidence of the physiological and clinical relevance of the cephalic contribution to the release of insulin that occurs during and after a meal. These points are critical for the interpretation of the existing data, and they support a sharper focus on the role of head receptors in the overall insulin response to eating rather than relying solely on the classical CPIR definition. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00025.2022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,24]],"date-time":"2022-11-24T16:54:21Z","timestamp":1669308861000},"page":"1423-1485","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/aps-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["The elusive cephalic phase insulin response: triggers, mechanisms, and functions"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"103","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9742-0068","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Langhans","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiology and Behavior Laboratory, ETH Z\u00fcrich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0942-4921","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alan G.","family":"Watts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, USC Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6817-6334","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alan C.","family":"Spector","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2004.04.048"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118839317.ch2"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.1977.233.5.E380"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/28.2.351"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(86)90393-8"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2007.12.020"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.98.4.488"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI112913"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(89)90024-3"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-6663(81)80043-8"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(86)90316-1"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(80)90031-1"},{"key":"B13","unstructured":"Pavlov I. Translated into English by W.H. Thompson. The Work of the Digestive Glands. London: Charles Griffin & Co. Ltd. 1902."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2011.01.012"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8223(97)00101-6"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5214\/ans.0972-7531.1017309"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.09.009"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.1991.261.4.E430"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113514"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/65.3.737"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.50.5.1030"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2006.03.005"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.86.3.7367"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2010.00334.x"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0149-7634(80)90047-0"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(93)90157-j"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.36.10.1167"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1976.230.5.1411"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.1996.270.6.R1371"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-24-10-1076"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(15)00482-9"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1566-0702(03)00075-4"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/b978-1-4831-9826-2.50017-9"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-021-04146-w"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2540211"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-125-5-2400"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1073160"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2016.05.002"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2007.10.006"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.84.1.89"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/82.1.236S"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.1997.273.4.R1263"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(77)90230-1"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(86)90457-9"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.20.12.800"},{"key":"B46","first-page":"31","volume":"43","author":"Cherrington AD","year":"1978","journal-title":"Biochem Soc Symp"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.36.7.791"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0083-6729(08)60202-2"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.1986.250.4.E346"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.1982.243.3.R450"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.37.6.773"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7134979"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.31.11.964"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.1989.257.2.E241"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.198"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.1984.246.1.E95"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/acta.0.1150084"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/acta.0.0550278"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI111542"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI7231"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.48.3.452"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo11070409"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.90335.2008"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.1997.273.5.E908"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.85.12.4491"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1975.229.4.1019"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1976.230.1.56"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.1980.238.4.E336"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01235634"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00056.2015"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(87)90106-5"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI108793"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.1993.265.6.R1223"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.1984.246.1.R88"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(70)90058-2"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01212164"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01235635"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01219799"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-445X.1999.01872.x"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00433.2016"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/advances\/nmaa059"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2021.03.030"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2020.104792"},{"key":"B84","unstructured":"M\u00fcller J. Elements of Physiology. Philadelphia, PA: Lea & Blanchard, 1843."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.21.11.1002"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(73)90120-0"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-109-3-966"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0077782"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2330\/joralbiosci1965.30.121"},{"key":"B90","first-page":"327","volume":"68","author":"Fischer U","year":"1976","journal-title":"Endokrinologie"},{"key":"B91","first-page":"115","volume":"8","author":"Fischer U","year":"1982","journal-title":"Diabete Metab"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0361-9230(86)90126-7"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-13818-x"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2009.11.009"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.111.156984"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/82.5.1011"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2220\/biomedres.28.79"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1520843113"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2008.04.271"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14712\/23362936.2014.11"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(94)00373-D"},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.12340"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0077809"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0025203"},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/12.1.99"},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0056212"},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.66.1311"},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0005106"},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.EJ13-0282"},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4093\/dmj.2011.35.5.451"},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3803\/EnM.2014.29.1.12"},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/bjp092"},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0035948"},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0022560"},{"key":"B115","volume":"26","author":"Macallum AB","year":"1942","journal-title":"Canad Chem Process Indust"},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/42.5.991"},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2330\/joralbiosci1965.31.613"},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.1990.258.2.R523"},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(91)90418-n"},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2010.291"},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-978628"},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-1185"},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00252633"},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.1982.242.4.E280"},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.1976.tb00544.x"},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2022.06.001"},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(83)90075-6"},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.1985.249.6.E639"},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2040-1124.2011.00163.x"},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-979791"},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0031-9384(98)00188-7"},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0271-5317(98)00032-3"},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.05.002"},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00222.2015"},{"key":"B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2010.01.033"},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2014.06.009"},{"key":"B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0173654"},{"key":"B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2006.06.013"},{"key":"B139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-171189"},{"key":"B140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.53.3.663"},{"key":"B141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2018.00332"},{"key":"B142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(95)90008-x"},{"key":"B143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/73.1.111"},{"key":"B144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0195-6663(89)90009-3"},{"key":"B145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(89)90208-4"},{"key":"B146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2015.11.002"},{"key":"B147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-032222"},{"key":"B148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12051249"},{"key":"B149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-55-6-1114"},{"key":"B150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2014.06.021"},{"key":"B151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-133-34454"},{"key":"B152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0026-0495(96)90048-7"},{"key":"B153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.97.6.1025"},{"key":"B154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1012349"},{"key":"B155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(87)90109-0"},{"key":"B156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0031-9384(96)80033-3"},{"key":"B157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0149-7634(00)00013-0"},{"key":"B158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00044.2017"},{"key":"B159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.c210002"},{"key":"B160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Spector AC, Travers SP. Taste buds and gustatory transduction: a functional perspective. In: Oxford Encyclopedia of Sensory Systems, edited by Uw M. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2021.","DOI":"10.1093\/acrefore\/9780190264086.013.100"},{"key":"B161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0597-20.2020"},{"key":"B162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(19990315)405:3<406::AID-CNE10>3.0.CO;2-F"},{"key":"B163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05401"},{"key":"B164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0092-8674(01)00451-2"},{"key":"B165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2009.10.001"},{"key":"B166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2019.08.077"},{"key":"B167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01871362"},{"key":"B168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(85)90212-4"},{"key":"B169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08783"},{"key":"B170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00796.2004"},{"key":"B171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6691151"},{"key":"B172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(90)91085-U"},{"key":"B173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0735-7044.104.5.734"},{"key":"B174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.16-24-08115.1996"},{"key":"B175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-65245-5_1"},{"key":"B176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2007.12.017"},{"key":"B177","unstructured":"Miller IJ Jr. Gustatory receptors of the palate. In: Food Intake and Chemical Senses, edited by  Katsuki YS, Takagi S, Oomura Y. Tokyo: Univ of Tokyo Press, 1977, p. 173\u2013186."},{"key":"B178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-0951(03)80008-7"},{"key":"B179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1534582305280031"},{"key":"B180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1956.sp005597"},{"key":"B181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(88)91541-7"},{"key":"B182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2170\/jjphysiol.30.305"},{"key":"B183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1991.65.5.1098"},{"key":"B184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1092270313"},{"key":"B185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.aao1815"},{"key":"B186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902700103"},{"key":"B187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0838-21.2021"},{"key":"B188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1118435"},{"key":"B189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.03.043"},{"key":"B190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11906"},{"key":"B191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/bjp068"},{"key":"B192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/bjs004"},{"key":"B193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2014.281014"},{"key":"B194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2008.151233"},{"key":"B195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4446-04.2005"},{"key":"B196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00572.2003"},{"key":"B197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1868-15.2015"},{"key":"B198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.24209"},{"key":"B199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.08.031"},{"key":"B200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.22715"},{"key":"B201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902220408"},{"key":"B202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.21023"},{"key":"B203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901060104"},{"key":"B204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.072090199"},{"key":"B205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0092-8674(03)00844-4"},{"key":"B206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acthis.2010.04.009"},{"key":"B207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2012.01522.x"},{"key":"B208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2011.01385.x"},{"key":"B209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-011-1210-x"},{"key":"B210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1100495108"},{"key":"B211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db14-1462"},{"key":"B212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2022.101554"},{"key":"B213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/59.3.690S"},{"key":"B214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00055.2009"},{"key":"B215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db11-1029"},{"key":"B216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00432.2015"},{"key":"B217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1432-1033.2003.03721.x"},{"key":"B218","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0089977"},{"key":"B219","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.13529"},{"key":"B220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.91018.2008"},{"key":"B221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1087155"},{"key":"B222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2003.10.137"},{"key":"B223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.52.5.1147"},{"key":"B224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00412.2009"},{"key":"B225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-012-2585-2"},{"key":"B226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00364.2011"},{"key":"B227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1972.52.3.720"},{"key":"B228","unstructured":"Thrasher TN, Fregly MJ. Factors affecting salivary sodium concentration, NaCl intake, and preference threshold and their interrelationships. In: Biological and Behavioral Aspects of Salt Intake edited by Kare MR, Fregly MJ, Bernard RA. New York: Academic Press, 1988, p. 14\u2013165."},{"key":"B229","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-101-25018"},{"key":"B230","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1960.199.1.55"},{"key":"B231","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0256989"},{"key":"B232","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00089.2012"},{"key":"B233","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2179-11.2011"},{"key":"B234","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1991.65.6.1452"},{"key":"B235","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1983.50.4.941"},{"key":"B236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13873"},{"key":"B237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00785.2009"},{"key":"B238","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms9171"},{"key":"B239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00870.2001"},{"key":"B240","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00465.2012"},{"key":"B241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1981.45.1.144"},{"key":"B242","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00584.2019"},{"key":"B243","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.90892.2008"},{"key":"B244","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00114.2012"},{"key":"B245","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00607.2006"},{"key":"B246","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(93)91151-h"},{"key":"B247","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1997.78.2.920"},{"key":"B248","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1991.65.6.1372"},{"key":"B249","volume-title":"Color Science","author":"Wyszeki GS","year":"1982"},{"key":"B250","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/bf03206809"},{"key":"B251","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/369447a0"},{"key":"B252","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/13.1.95"},{"key":"B253","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.1997.272.4.R1210"},{"key":"B255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.120.3.580"},{"key":"B256","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.1993.264.2.R319"},{"key":"B257","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.1995.269.2.R350"},{"key":"B258","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00103.2002"},{"key":"B259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.2000.278.3.R720"},{"key":"B260","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.1995.269.1.R215"},{"key":"B261","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2009.11.021"},{"key":"B262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.1992.263.1.R169"},{"key":"B263","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.111.2.450"},{"key":"B264","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.18-11-04353.1998"},{"key":"B265","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2009.07.014"},{"key":"B266","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1227-07.2007"},{"key":"B267","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(91)90023-h"},{"key":"B268","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0031-9384(01)00442-5"},{"key":"B269","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(94)90213-5"},{"key":"B270","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2012.03.008"},{"key":"B271","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/bjx003"},{"key":"B272","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00297.2013"},{"key":"B273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/bjt011"},{"key":"B274","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12030807"},{"key":"B275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00255.2018"},{"key":"B276","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3356-15.2016"},{"key":"B277","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2016.12.031"},{"key":"B278","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1028415X.2022.2050092"},{"key":"B279","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2020.112945"},{"key":"B280","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00340.2019"},{"key":"B281","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.1986.250.4.R539"},{"key":"B282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858416673817"},{"key":"B283","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/120.3.535"},{"key":"B284","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2007.07.016"},{"key":"B285","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/122.8.1533"},{"key":"B286","unstructured":"Gallistel CR. The Organization of Action: a New Synthesis. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1980."},{"key":"B287","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00028.2020"},{"key":"B288","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-021-00982-7"},{"key":"B289","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/ENEURO.0419-20.2021"},{"key":"B290","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aat5236"},{"key":"B291","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4613-0577-4_6"},{"key":"B292","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2170\/jjphysiol.39.349"},{"key":"B293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1566-0702(01)00234-X"},{"key":"B294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.22283"},{"key":"B295","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.11036"},{"key":"B296","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1838(85)90019-0"},{"key":"B297","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.00021"},{"key":"B298","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dbi19-0033"},{"key":"B299","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-019-0148-2"},{"key":"B300","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195306637.003.0015"},{"key":"B301","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00411.2021"},{"key":"B302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665115004152"},{"key":"B303","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-13-0616"},{"key":"B304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endocr\/bqab065"},{"key":"B305","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2022.170749"},{"key":"B306","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2019.09.010"},{"key":"B307","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/JME-12-0025"},{"key":"B308","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0304-3940(99)00122-6"},{"key":"B309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M117.802249"},{"key":"B310","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2013.05.018"},{"key":"B311","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.cp070205"},{"key":"B312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.1993.264.2.E149"},{"key":"B313","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2362.2003.01207.x"},{"key":"B314","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00008.2017"},{"key":"B315","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2018.01.015"},{"key":"B316","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2020.04.005"},{"key":"B317","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.90451.2008"},{"key":"B318","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001250051322"},{"key":"B319","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2009.05.016"},{"key":"B320","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12345"},{"key":"B321","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2016.06.020"},{"key":"B322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0248974"},{"key":"B323","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dbi19-0012"},{"key":"B324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1529\/biophysj.104.055681"},{"key":"B325","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-022-05691-9"},{"key":"B326","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnana.2021.691777"},{"key":"B327","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.10.034"},{"key":"B328","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.1990.258.1.R160"},{"key":"B329","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(91)90846-n"},{"key":"B330","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/appe.1999.0279"},{"key":"B331","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2013.09.002"},{"key":"B332","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00549.2004"},{"key":"B333","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2012.234955"},{"key":"B334","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0079-6123(08)60905-x"},{"key":"B335","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aaz9124"},{"key":"B336","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2011.05.008"},{"key":"B337","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1986.tb07967.x"},{"key":"B338","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.2006.01579.x"},{"key":"B339","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI108992"},{"key":"B340","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-118-4-1551"},{"key":"B341","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm7030054"},{"key":"B342","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0510790103"},{"key":"B343","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2371"},{"key":"B344","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI107292"},{"key":"B345","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-85659-8"},{"key":"B346","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2021.12.020"},{"key":"B347","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00254508"},{"key":"B348","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00519.2018"},{"key":"B349","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI112308"},{"key":"B350","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/096368979600500106"},{"key":"B351","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-200101150-00002"},{"key":"B352","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12342"},{"key":"B353","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1973.225.2.481"},{"key":"B354","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.16.7.443"},{"key":"B355","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv.22.5.0440"},{"key":"B356","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00385.2018"},{"key":"B357","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1211659110"},{"key":"B358","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-83361-3"},{"key":"B359","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.24381"},{"key":"B360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Travers SP, Spector AC. Anatomical organization and coding in the gustatory system: a functional perspective. In: Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Neuroscience. Oxford, UK: Oxford Press, 2021.","DOI":"10.1093\/acrefore\/9780190264086.013.331"},{"key":"B361","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-9861(20010319)431:4<405::AID-CNE1079>3.0.CO;2-D"},{"key":"B362","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0006-8993(97)00532-5"},{"key":"B363","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(94)90657-2"},{"key":"B364","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(93)90174-l"},{"key":"B365","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db15-0629"},{"key":"B366","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/bjw055"},{"key":"B367","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(91)90143-j"},{"key":"B368","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607115617438"},{"key":"B369","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bradley RM. rNST circuits. In: The Role of the Nucleus of the Solitary Tract in Gustatory Processing, edited by Bradley RM. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press Taylor & Francis, 2007, p. 137\u2013152.","DOI":"10.1201\/9781420005974.ch7"},{"key":"B370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bradley RM, Kim MR. Reflex connections. In: The Role of the Nucleus of the Solitary Tract in Gustatory Processing, edited by Bradley RM. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press\/Taylor & Francis, 2007, p. 67\u201382.","DOI":"10.1201\/9781420005974.ch4"},{"key":"B371","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2013.12.001"},{"key":"B372","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00325.2016"},{"key":"B373","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-39490-x"},{"key":"B374","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2004.05.049"},{"key":"B375","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2011.04.015"},{"key":"B376","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00368.2020"},{"key":"B377","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902900302"},{"key":"B378","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00562.2006"},{"key":"B379","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Travers JB, Travers SP, Microcircuitry of the rostral nucleus of the solitary tract. In: Handbook of Microcircuits edited by  Shepherd G, Grillner S. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2017, p. 389\u2013400.","DOI":"10.1093\/med\/9780190636111.003.0033"},{"key":"B380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195306637.003.0001"},{"key":"B381","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012547638-6\/50025-0"},{"key":"B382","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.2000.7450"},{"key":"B383","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012547626-3\/50032-6"},{"key":"B384","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(90)90412-3"},{"key":"B385","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(85)90631-9"},{"key":"B386","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4623"},{"key":"B387","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-017-1501-4"},{"key":"B388","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195306637.003.0011"},{"key":"B389","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.22.12.1003"},{"key":"B390","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0077307"},{"key":"B391","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0028186"},{"key":"B392","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0077292"},{"key":"B393","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2003.12.019"},{"key":"B394","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0166-4328(99)00192-8"},{"key":"B395","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03331575"},{"key":"B396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.me.24.020173.001521"},{"key":"B397","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-56-6-1294"},{"key":"B398","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.54.6.1649"},{"key":"B399","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840130417"},{"key":"B400","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.24886"},{"key":"B401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0160-5402(86)90014-8"},{"key":"B402","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI108047"},{"key":"B403","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2022.113940"},{"key":"B404","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI109106"},{"key":"B405","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.27.1.s178"},{"key":"B406","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(78)92042-1"},{"key":"B407","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2006.1858"},{"key":"B408","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365528009181535"},{"key":"B409","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(69)90059-2"},{"key":"B410","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-51-3-573"},{"key":"B411","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2011.12.004"},{"key":"B412","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2015.07.020"},{"key":"B413","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db15-0973"},{"key":"B414","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2004.06.003"},{"key":"B415","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa011300"},{"key":"B416","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(95)02176-0"},{"key":"B417","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9384(03)00201-4"},{"key":"B418","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI25299"},{"key":"B419","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.90591.2008"},{"key":"B420","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/10_2016_35"},{"key":"B421","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-120-5-1765"}],"container-title":["Physiological Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.physiology.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1152\/physrev.00025.2022","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,15]],"date-time":"2023-02-15T17:02:40Z","timestamp":1676480560000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.physiology.org\/doi\/10.1152\/physrev.00025.2022"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]]},"references-count":420,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1152\/physrev.00025.2022"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/physrev.00025.2022","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-9333","1522-1210"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-9333","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-1210","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-07-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-11-04","order":1,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-11-20","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-02-15","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}