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Over the past two decades, mounting preclinical evidence has highlighted the crucial role of glial cells in the development, maintenance, and resolution of neuropathic pain. Conditions such as peripheral nerve injury are associated with reactive responses of glial cells, namely microglia and astrocytes in the central nervous system and satellite glial cells in the peripheral ganglia. Under physiological conditions, glial cells contribute to homeostatic regulation of spinal nociceptive circuits, preserving normal pain sensitivity. However, neuropathic pain is increasingly recognized as a form of gliopathy, wherein dysregulated glial activity contributes to pain hypersensitivity through enhanced excitability of primary sensory neurons (peripheral sensitization) and neuronal plasticity in the central pain circuits (central sensitization). In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of glial cell research in neuropathic pain, with a specific focus on microglia, astrocytes, and satellite glial cells, the most extensively studied glial types in this context. We also highlight the critical involvement of glial cells in neuroinflammation and neuro-glial interactions and evaluate emerging therapeutic strategies targeting glial mechanisms of neuropathic pain.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00034.2025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T15:40:56Z","timestamp":1778514056000},"page":"2079-2148","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/aps-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Glial cells in neuropathic pain"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"106","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4486-8288","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Temugin","family":"Berta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cincinnati Medical Center","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3846-8728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arkady","family":"Khoutorsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McGill University","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7273-5098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jing","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke University Medical Center","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9355-3688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ru-Rong","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke University Medical Center","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Duke University Medical Center","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00045.2019"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00393-7"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f7656"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.2"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4065\/mcp.2009.0648"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(25)00068-7"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(14)70251-0"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001340"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001522"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI191346"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2009.09.028"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2007.07.016"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2016.162"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2022.12.007"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.02.008"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.051508.135531"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2025.03.006"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-021-00444-w"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3602"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcn.2007.09.007"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3066-05.2005"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2235"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35093019"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.011502"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2009.06.012"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(88)90209-6"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(90)91074-S"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(00)00276-1"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(92)90041-9"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.mcb.2021.12.019"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001922"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.23881"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd4334"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1992"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3621"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2018.05.050"},{"key":"B37","unstructured":"Valentin G.\n                      \u00dcber den Verlauf und die letzten Enden der Nerven\n                      . 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