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IAPP was discovered through its ability to aggregate into pancreatic islet amyloid deposits, which are seen particularly in association with type 2 diabetes in humans and with diabetes in a few other mammalian species, especially monkeys and cats. Aggregated IAPP has cytotoxic properties and is believed to be of critical importance for the loss of \u03b2-cells in type 2 diabetes and also in pancreatic islets transplanted into individuals with type 1 diabetes. 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