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Examples include trigeminal neuralgia, painful polyneuropathy, postherpetic neuralgia, and central poststroke pain. Most patients complain of an ongoing or intermittent spontaneous pain of, for example, burning, pricking, squeezing quality, which may be accompanied by evoked pain, particular to light touch and cold. Ectopic activity in, for example, nerve-end neuroma, compressed nerves or nerve roots, dorsal root ganglia, and the thalamus may in different conditions underlie the spontaneous pain. Evoked pain may spread to neighboring areas, and the underlying pathophysiology involves peripheral and central sensitization. Maladaptive structural changes and a number of cell-cell interactions and molecular signaling underlie the sensitization of nociceptive pathways. These include alteration in ion channels, activation of immune cells, glial-derived mediators, and epigenetic regulation. The major classes of therapeutics include drugs acting on \u03b1\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u03b4 subunits of calcium channels, sodium channels, and descending modulatory inhibitory pathways.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00045.2019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,25]],"date-time":"2020-06-25T10:33:20Z","timestamp":1593081200000},"page":"259-301","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1534,"title":["Neuropathic Pain: From Mechanisms to Treatment"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"101","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5541-0240","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nanna Brix","family":"Finnerup","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Danish Pain Research Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; and Department of Pharmacology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, 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