{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T15:59:31Z","timestamp":1790870371353,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":373,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"1","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006823","name":"Boston Children's Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OFD\/BTREC\/CTREC Faculty Development Fellowship Award"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OFD\/BTREC\/CTREC Faculty Development Fellowship Award"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006823","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001043","name":"Cass Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["9309"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["9309"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001043","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RO1NS088566"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RO1NS088566"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100003194","name":"New York Stem Cell Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NYSCF-R-NI38"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NYSCF-R-NI38"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100003194","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.physiology.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Physiological Reviews"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Studies of the choroid plexus lag behind those of the more widely known blood-brain barrier, despite a much longer history. This review has two overall aims. The first is to outline long-standing areas of research where there are unanswered questions, such as control of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) secretion and blood flow. The second aim is to review research over the past 10 years where the focus has shifted to the idea that there are choroid plexuses located in each of the brain\u2019s ventricles that make specific contributions to brain development and function through molecules they generate for delivery via the CSF. These factors appear to be particularly important for aspects of normal brain growth. Most research carried out during the twentieth century dealt with the choroid plexus, a brain barrier interface making critical contributions to the composition and stability of the brain\u2019s internal environment throughout life. More recent research in the twenty-first century has shown the importance of choroid plexus-generated CSF in neurogenesis, influence of sex and other hormones on choroid plexus function, and choroid plexus involvement in circadian rhythms and sleep. The advancement of technologies to facilitate delivery of brain-specific therapies via the CSF to treat neurological disorders is a rapidly growing area of research. Conversely, understanding the basic mechanisms and implications of how maternal drug exposure during pregnancy impacts the developing brain represents another key area of research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00060.2021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,29]],"date-time":"2022-09-29T13:27:53Z","timestamp":1664458073000},"page":"919-956","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/aps-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":133,"title":["The choroid plexus: a missing link in our understanding of brain development and function"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"103","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6660-7639","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Norman R.","family":"Saunders","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, The Alfred Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0070-904X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna M.","family":"Dziegielewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, The Alfred Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8244-2624","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryann M.","family":"Fame","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria K.","family":"Lehtinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0840-1437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shane A.","family":"Liddelow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Institute, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York"},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York"},{"name":"Parekh Center for Interdisciplinary Neurology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1922.2.2.171"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2014.00404"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/13813452109146211"},{"key":"B4","first-page":"91","volume":"35","author":"Stern L","year":"1918","journal-title":"RCR Soc Phys Hist Nat Gen\u00e8ve"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2045-8118-8-2"},{"key":"B6","first-page":"1","volume":"31","author":"Cushing H","year":"1914","journal-title":"J Med Res"},{"key":"B7","first-page":"105","volume":"5","author":"Tola Arribas MA","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosci Hist"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.20718"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.1994.266.5.R1488"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-200241100-00001"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2004.07.011"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2012.00046"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP275376"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3921"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2020.01.027"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2020.12.002"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.309823.117"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2020.109217"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/b978-0-12-512503-1.50009-8"},{"key":"B20","first-page":"153","volume":"46","author":"Catala M","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch Anat Cytol Pathol"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-3806(82)90024-4"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-3806(82)90025-6"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00398650"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1001180114"},{"key":"B25","volume":"111","author":"Voetmann E","year":"1949","journal-title":"Ugeskr Laeger"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.1051140104"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1000990204"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901230111"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-3806(83)90159-1"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000142545"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000142595"},{"key":"B32","first-page":"777","volume":"129","author":"Sturrock RR","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-8454-7-16"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-3806(83)90168-2"},{"key":"B35","first-page":"265","volume":"97","author":"Lametschwandtner A","year":"1983","journal-title":"Z Mikrosk Anat Forsch"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2014.00364"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-017-2605-y"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.1980.238.1.R76"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(81)91083-0"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2014.00363"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(75)90605-8"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1556\/ABiol.54.2003.1.4"},{"key":"B43","first-page":"349","volume":"61","author":"Brocklehurst G","year":"1979","journal-title":"Ann R Coll Surg Engl"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.201900186"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/59.7.561"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.01915"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2018.02.009"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/nos289"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhz330"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.192054"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.2.4.467"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.17.2.375"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.2.5.531"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.2.4.407"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0079-6123(08)64149-7"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901230307"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(08)64147-3"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.40.3.648"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1091650407"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.29.2.333"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2009568118"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm.2017.21"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.04.003"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2014.08.047"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1970.33.5.0506"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1091760407"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1091940303"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0854.2009.01016.x"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diff.2011.11.002"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/bio.20121081"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cm.21132"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1974.sp010660"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(73)90668-9"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.154500"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2018.11.059"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.109775"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-3806(90)90163-S"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(66)90007-2"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0029(20010101)52:1<5::AID-JEMT3>3.0.CO;2-J"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00339359"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00571797"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00455271"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-20666-3"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dneu.22546"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-5320(70)80007-7"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470719077.ch4"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.1999.276.1.C82"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.1999.277.1.R263"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaz5626"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2011.01.023"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2015.11.015"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0065629"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2015.00123"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/36285"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1808609115"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1997.sp021919"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0106592"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1980.sp013172"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2008.06571.x"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0012-1606(81)80024-3"},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1988.sp017254"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000112710"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tig.2017.07.015"},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00218783"},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2020.08.024"},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901150206"},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.003095"},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-neuro-062012-170354"},{"key":"B110","unstructured":"Netsky MG, Shuangshoti S.\n                      The Choroid Plexus in Health and Disease\n                      . Bristol, UK: Wright & Sons, 1975."},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00315818"},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00315881"},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2015.00032"},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00240.2003"},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00313.2005"},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00062.2009"},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physiol.00011.2010"},{"key":"B118","unstructured":"Davson H, Segal MB.\n                      Physiology of the CSF and Blood-Brain Barriers\n                      . Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 1996."},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1989.tb01847.x"},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00356.2007"},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-198511000-00007"},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-8454-5-10"},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.15.7275"},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.04-1711fje"},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-005-1120-x"},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-8454-7-15"},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2011.01649_1.x"},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/prot.22411"},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2010.01.037"},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12987-016-0040-3"},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2015.00016"},{"key":"B132","unstructured":"Davson H.\n                      Physiology of the Cerebrospinal Fluid\n                      . Boston, MA: Little, Brown & Company, 1967."},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1972.sp010049"},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2005.07.021"},{"key":"B135","volume-title":"StatPearls","author":"Telano LN","year":"2021"},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1963.205.3.617"},{"key":"B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-4835(77)80014-6"},{"key":"B138","first-page":"190","volume":"213","author":"Garg LC","year":"1975","journal-title":"Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther"},{"key":"B139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(72)92412-9"},{"key":"B140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(68)90109-x"},{"key":"B141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1967.213.4.1031"},{"key":"B142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2010.04.006"},{"key":"B143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2045-8118-11-10"},{"key":"B144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00004.2013"},{"key":"B145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12987-022-00323-1"},{"key":"B146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1962.sp006900"},{"key":"B147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01869986"},{"key":"B148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3002(57)90343-8"},{"key":"B149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2017.00371"},{"key":"B150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.50.8.2061"},{"key":"B151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2004.07.003"},{"key":"B152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1991.sp018871"},{"key":"B153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1955.sp005433"},{"key":"B154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01869084"},{"key":"B155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-04677-9"},{"key":"B156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00026.2018"},{"key":"B157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP279868"},{"key":"B158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-021-01750-w"},{"key":"B159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2011.226316"},{"key":"B160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2202-10-135"},{"key":"B161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0033554"},{"key":"B162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-3806(86)90234-8"},{"key":"B163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12987-022-00330-2"},{"key":"B164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12987-016-0029-y"},{"key":"B165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.200800207"},{"key":"B166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.13055"},{"key":"B167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-53860-4.00003-9"},{"key":"B168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bayer SA, Altman J.\n                      The Human Brain During the Early First Trimester\n                      . Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2008.","DOI":"10.1201\/9781420003284"},{"key":"B169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1090580309"},{"key":"B170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-124-31996"},{"key":"B171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj1750703"},{"key":"B172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000016667"},{"key":"B173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saunders NR. Ontogenic development of brain barrier mechanisms. In:\n                      Physiology and Pharmacology of the Blood Brain-Barrier\n                      , edited by Bradbury MW. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1992, p. 327\u2013369.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-76894-1_14"},{"key":"B174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1992.sp019332"},{"key":"B175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.36998"},{"key":"B176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.182857"},{"key":"B177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.01791"},{"key":"B178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2012.05.034"},{"key":"B179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15287394.2018.1547890"},{"key":"B180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrestox.0c00050"},{"key":"B181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2010.02.015"},{"key":"B182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12987-016-0036-z"},{"key":"B183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2046-2530-2-12"},{"key":"B184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1092040112"},{"key":"B185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902350406"},{"key":"B186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1059831"},{"key":"B187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-3806(87)90172-6"},{"key":"B188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1001890402"},{"key":"B189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-3806(85)90255-x"},{"key":"B190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01668498"},{"key":"B191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-1606(77)90364-5"},{"key":"B192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.a.20185"},{"key":"B193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2018.10.147"},{"key":"B194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2016.8.FOCUS16278"},{"key":"B195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.06.019"},{"key":"B196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2021.08.007"},{"key":"B197","unstructured":"Gjerris F, B\u00f8rgesen SE. Pathophysiology of the CSF circulation. In:\n                      Neurosurgery: the Scientific Basis of Clinical Practice\n                      (2nd ed.), edited by Crockard A, Hayward R, Hoff JT. Boston, MA: Blackwell Science Inc. 1992, p. 146\u2013175."},{"key":"B198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-021-04940-x"},{"key":"B199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.07.011"},{"key":"B200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awt166"},{"key":"B201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20517\/2394-4722.2016.12"},{"key":"B202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2018.12.019"},{"key":"B203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.02439"},{"key":"B204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21207534"},{"key":"B205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-genet-120213-092208"},{"key":"B206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-neuro-070815-014023"},{"key":"B207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12987-020-00196-2"},{"key":"B208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2020.07.006"},{"key":"B209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2021.07.002"},{"key":"B210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awt259"},{"key":"B211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1100695"},{"key":"B212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3423"},{"key":"B213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0029(19980401)41:1<43::AID-JEMT5>3.0.CO;2-V"},{"key":"B214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.22889"},{"key":"B215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-018-0070-8"},{"key":"B216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2012.07.004"},{"key":"B217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(19991108)414:1<114::AID-CNE9>3.0.CO;2-G"},{"key":"B218","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/viru.19178"},{"key":"B219","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.2008.01048.x"},{"key":"B220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/18.3.354"},{"key":"B221","first-page":"45","volume":"18","author":"Chitiyo ME","year":"1972","journal-title":"Cent Afr J Med"},{"key":"B222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2990.1993.tb00447.x"},{"key":"B223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(98)00193-3"},{"key":"B224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jcbfm.9600557"},{"key":"B225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2020.09.020"},{"key":"B226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-014-0163-x"},{"key":"B227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-10-31"},{"key":"B228","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-0774.2005.tb00059.x"},{"key":"B229","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NEN.0b013e3181461d3e"},{"key":"B230","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-199507000-00003"},{"key":"B231","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/13550289909021295"},{"key":"B232","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-842X(97)01089-5"},{"key":"B233","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0141-9838.2004.00701.x"},{"key":"B234","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/COH.0b013e3283521144"},{"key":"B235","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0046-8177(98)90395-1"},{"key":"B236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-021-00905-6"},{"key":"B237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2018.11.004"},{"key":"B238","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2008.04.035"},{"key":"B239","first-page":"15","volume":"54","author":"Kolmer W","year":"1921","journal-title":"Anat Anz"},{"key":"B240","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1092020113"},{"key":"B241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1679\/aohc1950.40.41"},{"key":"B242","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00237815"},{"key":"B243","first-page":"35","volume":"184","author":"Mestres P","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"B244","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1679\/aohc1950.35.133"},{"key":"B245","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/s0004-282x2000000500005"},{"key":"B246","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00490425"},{"key":"B247","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/104063870401600405"},{"key":"B248","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-019-0393-4"},{"key":"B249","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.03.021"},{"key":"B250","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/153537020523001011"},{"key":"B251","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-181179"},{"key":"B252","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-012-0784-0"},{"key":"B253","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-009-0574-4"},{"key":"B254","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.06.018"},{"key":"B255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1919-07.2007"},{"key":"B256","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi0618520"},{"key":"B257","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0006-8993(99)01466-3"},{"key":"B258","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01789997"},{"key":"B259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddn324"},{"key":"B260","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1860-14.2014"},{"key":"B261","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2015.11.013"},{"key":"B262","first-page":"374","volume":"2","author":"Le Page C","year":"2000","journal-title":"Rev Immunogenet"},{"key":"B263","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0079-6123(08)62365-1"},{"key":"B264","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2016.12.002"},{"key":"B265","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.12340"},{"key":"B266","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.mie.2021.03.004"},{"key":"B267","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(93)91096-B"},{"key":"B268","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(94)90807-9"},{"key":"B269","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.13700"},{"key":"B270","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2019.101680"},{"key":"B271","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2016.01.057"},{"key":"B272","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2019.110521"},{"key":"B273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002298"},{"key":"B274","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.1990.258.2.H414"},{"key":"B275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.res.63.2.373"},{"key":"B276","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1973.tb05436.x"},{"key":"B277","first-page":"341","volume":"208","author":"Haywood JR","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"B278","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-65814-3_40"},{"key":"B279","first-page":"596","volume":"72","author":"Pollay M","year":"1979","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand Suppl"},{"key":"B280","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.25.1"},{"key":"B281","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1980.tb06617.x"},{"key":"B282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(80)91142-7"},{"key":"B283","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(84)90748-0"},{"key":"B284","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-198602000-00007"},{"key":"B285","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.1988.254.2.H286"},{"key":"B286","first-page":"23","volume":"254","author":"Faraci FM","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"B287","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.1991.260.6.R1066"},{"key":"B288","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1982.57.4.0543"},{"key":"B289","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0006-8993(03)02632-5"},{"key":"B290","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00963836"},{"key":"B291","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1971.51.2.273"},{"key":"B292","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1965.sp007780"},{"key":"B293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1964.206.5.1165"},{"key":"B294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-0115(94)90613-0"},{"key":"B295","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(79)90010-4"},{"key":"B296","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.1991.146"},{"key":"B297","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18P","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1979.sp012908","volume":"293","author":"Deane R","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"B298","volume":"285","author":"Deane R","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"B299","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-013-1290-2"},{"key":"B300","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-16002-4"},{"key":"B301","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073813511854"},{"key":"B302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2017.11.031"},{"key":"B303","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1241224"},{"key":"B304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-18115-2"},{"key":"B305","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-121-4-1329"},{"key":"B306","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.841305"},{"key":"B307","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-104-2-295"},{"key":"B308","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.11.018"},{"key":"B309","first-page":"429","volume":"23","author":"Ishimori K","year":"1909","journal-title":"Tokyo Igakkai Zasshi"},{"key":"B310","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.58.2.513"},{"key":"B311","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(73)90193-8"},{"key":"B312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2006-17.2017"},{"key":"B313","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1110844108"},{"key":"B314","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/07420529808998706"},{"key":"B315","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1101767108"},{"key":"B316","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/382810a0"},{"key":"B317","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-03507-2"},{"key":"B318","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07420528.2017.1400978"},{"key":"B319","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-014-0720-1"},{"key":"B320","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2020.01.125"},{"key":"B321","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21186813"},{"key":"B322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2021.102129"},{"key":"B323","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-012-9715-7"},{"key":"B324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/ENEURO.0051-19.2019"},{"key":"B325","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0006-8993(97)00023-1"},{"key":"B326","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(95)90048-9"},{"key":"B327","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1996.66041532.x"},{"key":"B328","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2012.10.030"},{"key":"B329","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0045994"},{"key":"B330","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-020-0694-0"},{"key":"B331","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.111.096321"},{"key":"B332","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association.\n                      Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders\n                      (5th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 2013.","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"B333","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0895-7061(01)02175-6"},{"key":"B334","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2019.05.001"},{"key":"B335","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2020.09.002"},{"key":"B336","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-018-1807-1"},{"key":"B337","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2016.03.021"},{"key":"B338","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612826666200224112534"},{"key":"B339","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1602\/neurorx.2.1.3"},{"key":"B340","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X18788769"},{"key":"B341","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcn.2020.103533"},{"key":"B342","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/7651_2020_311"},{"key":"B343","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2018.05.007"},{"key":"B344","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2016.10.022"},{"key":"B345","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2202-12-4"},{"key":"B346","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612822666160726112115"},{"key":"B347","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/fnl.10.84"},{"key":"B348","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2006.04904.x"},{"key":"B349","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1991.sp018664"},{"key":"B350","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-41769-7_15"},{"key":"B351","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics12100963"},{"key":"B352","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/17425247.2016.1171315"},{"key":"B353","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.1981.240.4.F319"},{"key":"B354","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aax7171"},{"key":"B355","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12987-019-0126-9"},{"key":"B356","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.5720"},{"key":"B357","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-42402-8"},{"key":"B358","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.24119.2"},{"key":"B359","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-99139-6"},{"key":"B360","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.52607.2"},{"key":"B361","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10822-005-8694-y"},{"key":"B362","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.20078.1"},{"key":"B363","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsptsci.0c00098"},{"key":"B364","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2010.04.025"},{"key":"B365","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.7.3900"},{"key":"B366","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.24.17.7612-7621.2004"},{"key":"B367","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002215549904701005"},{"key":"B368","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.301.3.820"},{"key":"B369","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2004.02549.x"},{"key":"B370","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1208\/s12248-017-0110-8"},{"key":"B371","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.05.004"},{"key":"B372","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2018.12.006"},{"key":"B373","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13007"},{"key":"B374","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.5035"}],"container-title":["Physiological Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.physiology.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1152\/physrev.00060.2021","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,21]],"date-time":"2022-11-21T13:18:17Z","timestamp":1669036697000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.physiology.org\/doi\/10.1152\/physrev.00060.2021"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]},"references-count":373,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1152\/physrev.00060.2021"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/physrev.00060.2021","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-9333","1522-1210"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-9333","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-1210","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-12-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-09-01","order":1,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-09-17","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-11-21","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}