{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T03:36:48Z","timestamp":1792121808240,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":319,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Physiological Reviews"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Jones, Glenville, Stephen A. Strugnell, and Hector F. DeLuca. Current Understanding of the Molecular Actions of Vitamin D. Physiol. Rev. 78: 1193\u20131231, 1998. \u2014 The important reactions that occur to the vitamin D molecule and the important reactions involved in the expression of the final active form of vitamin D are reviewed in a critical manner. After an overview of the metabolism of vitamin D to its active form and to its metabolic degradation products, the molecular understanding of the 1\u03b1-hydroxylation reaction and the 24-hydroxylation reaction of the vitamin D hormone is presented. Furthermore, the role of vitamin D in maintenance of serum calcium is reviewed at the physiological level and at the molecular level whenever possible. Of particular importance is the regulation of the parathyroid gland by the vitamin D hormone. A third section describes the known molecular events involved in the action of 1\u03b1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    on its target cells. This includes reviewing what is now known concerning the overall mechanism of transcriptional regulation by vitamin D. It describes the vitamin D receptors that have been cloned and identified and describes the coactivators and retinoid X receptors required for the function of vitamin D in its genomic actions. The presence of receptor in previously uncharted target organs of vitamin D action has led to a study of the possible function of vitamin D in these organs. A good example of a new function described for 1\u03b1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    is that found in the parathyroid gland. This is also true for the role of vitamin D hormone in skin, the immune system, a possible role in the pancreas, i.e., in the islet cells, and a possible role in female reproduction. This review also raises the intriguing question of whether vitamin D plays an important role in embryonic development, since vitamin D deficiency does not prohibit development, nor does vitamin D receptor knockout. The final section reviews some interesting analogs of the vitamin D hormone and their possible uses. The review ends with possible ideas with regard to future directions of vitamin D drug design.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1998.78.4.1193","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,24]],"date-time":"2017-12-24T15:24:40Z","timestamp":1514129080000},"page":"1193-1231","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":998,"title":["Current Understanding of the Molecular Actions of Vitamin D"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"GLENVILLE","family":"JONES","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Biochemistry and Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; and Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"STEPHEN A.","family":"STRUGNELL","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Biochemistry and Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; and Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"HECTOR F.","family":"DeLUCA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Biochemistry and Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; and Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.78.8.4990"},{"key":"B2","first-page":"247","volume":"23","author":"ABOU-SAMRA A. 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