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In recent years, specific biochemical, immunological, and molecular markers have been identified. Many components specific to differentiating oligodendrocytes and to myelin are now available to aid their study. Transgenic mice and spontaneous mutants have led to a better understanding of the targets of specific dys- or demyelinating diseases. The best examples are the studies concerning the effects of the mutations affecting the most abundant protein in the central nervous myelin, the proteolipid protein, which lead to dysmyelinating diseases in animals and human (jimpy mutation and Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease or spastic paraplegia, respectively). Oligodendrocytes, as astrocytes, are able to respond to changes in the cellular and extracellular environment, possibly in relation to a glial network. There is also a remarkable plasticity of the oligodendrocyte lineage, even in the adult with a certain potentiality for myelin repair after experimental demyelination or human diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.2001.81.2.871","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,24]],"date-time":"2017-12-24T15:41:28Z","timestamp":1514130088000},"page":"871-927","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1518,"title":["Biology of Oligodendrocyte and Myelin in the Mammalian Central Nervous System"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Nicole","family":"Baumann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale U. 495, Biology of Neuron-Glia Interactions, Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re Hospital, and Neurogenetic Laboratory, Neuroscience Institute, Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche 7624 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, University Paris, Paris, 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