{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T15:14:39Z","timestamp":1774883679611,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":319,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]],"date-time":"2025-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739923200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017014","name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Tecnologias e Servi\u00e7os de Sa\u00fade","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/4255\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/4255\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017014","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017014","name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Tecnologias e Servi\u00e7os de Sa\u00fade","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/4255\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/4255\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017014","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Comprehensive Health Research Centre","award":["UIDP\/04923\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04923\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Comprehensive Health Research Centre","award":["UIDB\/04923\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04923\/2020"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001602","name":"Science Foundation Ireland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFI\/12\/RC\/2273 _P2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFI\/12\/RC\/2273 _P2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001602","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Food for Health Ireland EI Technology Centre","award":["TC20180025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TC20180025"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002081","name":"Irish Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GOIPG\/2023\/4836"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GOIPG\/2023\/4836"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002081","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CD22\/00011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CD22\/00011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Instituto Carlos III de Salud","award":["MV23\/00115"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MV23\/00115"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012818","name":"Comunidad de Madrid","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Y2020\/6600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Y2020\/6600"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012818","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Technologia","award":["2020.06333.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020.06333.BD"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.physiology.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Appetite, as the internal drive for food intake, is often dysregulated in a broad spectrum of conditions associated with over- and under-nutrition across the lifespan. Appetite regulation is a complex, integrative process comprising psychological and behavioral events, peripheral and metabolic inputs, and central neurotransmitter and metabolic interactions. The microbiota-gut-brain axis has emerged as a critical mediator of multiple physiological processes, including energy metabolism, brain function, and behavior. Therefore, the role of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in appetite and obesity is receiving increased attention. Omics approaches such as genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics in appetite and weight regulation offer new opportunities for featuring obesity phenotypes. Furthermore, gut-microbiota-targeted approaches such as pre-, pro-, post-, and synbiotic, personalized nutrition, and fecal microbiota transplantation are novel avenues for precision treatments. The aim of this narrative review is 1) to provide an overview of the role of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in appetite regulation across the lifespan and 2) to discuss the potential of omics and gut microbiota-targeted approaches to deepen understanding of appetite regulation and obesity. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00227.2024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]],"date-time":"2025-01-15T09:50:04Z","timestamp":1736934604000},"page":"G206-G228","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/aps-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["A menu for microbes: unraveling appetite regulation and weight                     dynamics through the microbiota-brain connection across the                     lifespan"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"328","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2232-0115","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriela","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02xankh89","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Universidade NOVA de Lisboa","place":["Portugal"]},{"name":"Universidade NOVA de Lisboa","place":["Portugal"]}]},{"given":"Harri\u00ebt","family":"Schellekens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University College Cork","place":["Ireland"]},{"name":"APC Microbiome Ireland","place":["Ireland"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5801-9394","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Cuesta-Marti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University College Cork","place":["Ireland"]},{"name":"APC Microbiome Ireland","place":["Ireland"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0792-9061","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivie","family":"Maneschy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Zaragoza","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"University of Zaragoza","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","place":["Spain"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7028-4756","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sh\u00e1mila","family":"Ismael","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02xankh89","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Universidade NOVA de Lisboa","place":["Portugal"]},{"name":"Universidade NOVA de Lisboa","place":["Portugal"]},{"name":"Universidade NOVA de Lisboa","place":["Portugal"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2631-2566","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amanda","family":"Cuevas-Sierra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02xankh89","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Universidade NOVA de Lisboa","place":["Portugal"]},{"name":"Spanish National Research Council","place":["Spain"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5218-6941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. Alfredo","family":"Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Spanish National Research Council","place":["Spain"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9327-2897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta P.","family":"Silvestre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02xankh89","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Universidade NOVA de Lisboa","place":["Portugal"]},{"name":"Universidade NOVA de Lisboa","place":["Portugal"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8365-7934","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cl\u00e1udia","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02xankh89","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Universidade NOVA de Lisboa","place":["Portugal"]},{"name":"Universidade NOVA de Lisboa","place":["Portugal"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0320-1839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Moreira-Ros\u00e1rio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02xankh89","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Universidade NOVA de Lisboa","place":["Portugal"]},{"name":"Universidade NOVA de Lisboa","place":["Portugal"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5165-9513","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Faria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02xankh89","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Universidade NOVA de Lisboa","place":["Portugal"]},{"name":"Universidade NOVA de Lisboa","place":["Portugal"]},{"name":"Universidade NOVA de Lisboa","place":["Portugal"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0454-653X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis A.","family":"Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Zaragoza","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"University of Zaragoza","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","place":["Spain"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9567-3379","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Concei\u00e7\u00e3o","family":"Calhau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02xankh89","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Universidade NOVA de Lisboa","place":["Portugal"]},{"name":"Universidade NOVA de Lisboa","place":["Portugal"]}]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2017.06.014"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.12.050"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnad033"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2024.01.009"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1559827617716376"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00388.2020"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.34"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2023.114313"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-39903-0_1613"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2304578"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2021.01.023"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqaa349"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci137772"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2020.03.009"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2199-7"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0024992"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2017.07.018"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2018.12.006"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3002936"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2008.01.032"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.23792"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-23988-x"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-31250-2"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2024.1437210"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00018.2018"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCO.0000000000000874"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1028415X.2022.2128007"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-021-01093-y"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MED.0000000000000616"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12754"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2021.101427"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.15284"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.947240"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2024.2357177"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-023-01526-w"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2023.101764"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13093067"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2022.10.066"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2021.1959242"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2016.150"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111572"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2015.128"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2015.84"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.02.008"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114509991863"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.00428"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40200-021-00917-w"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13679-020-00393-y"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2024.2345134"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2023.110803"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanepe.2021.100187"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2014.09.010"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0060270"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12071921"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13020666"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24076755"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms7010014"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11053"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.109564"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9020413"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.05.052"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amsu.2022.104890"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2022.106052"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2014.04.012"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02608"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2020.1730294"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2021.103400"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2016.05.016"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2023.1158089"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.12.009"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2014.10.003"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI43134"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuaa121"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.00962"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2024.07.020"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.06.001"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23179658"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms4889"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.111461"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.672224"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1002601107"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-39285-9"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03345172"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20090169"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14112279"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27113581"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2021.629740"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.112.037382"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0021313"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1000083107"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-016-0876-1"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2019.00004"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.00598"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.941549"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.08.047"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.1025439"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14173620"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.50.6.797"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.938"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1090499"},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2005.tb01931.x"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.01.023"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-020-0470-5"},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000489824"},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13020423"},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2015.04.004"},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsob.190128"},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2018.09.002"},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2017.0378"},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.042143-0"},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-020-01723-9"},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11010051"},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aao5774"},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ANC.0000000000000191"},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2014.00406"},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.13156"},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2020.104673"},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2021.719933"},{"key":"B120","first-page":"69","volume":"5","author":"Parracho HM","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Probiotics Prebiotics"},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3346"},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2019.100797"},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.07.008"},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.116.240481"},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI143772"},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.21821"},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6941.2011.01120.x"},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-02375-z"},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980019001447"},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0206484"},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/femsle\/fnv092"},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2019.08.001"},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.12023"},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2014.11.001"},{"key":"B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/6757524"},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.12.032"},{"key":"B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-017-0006-x"},{"key":"B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2017.03.002"},{"key":"B139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2011.03570.x"},{"key":"B140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.11.001"},{"key":"B141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11081765"},{"key":"B142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2015.88"},{"key":"B143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mad.2013.12.004"},{"key":"B144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2012.10.005"},{"key":"B145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01832"},{"key":"B146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0010667"},{"key":"B147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2011.01.031"},{"key":"B148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12576-018-0622-8"},{"key":"B149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/embr.202050047"},{"key":"B150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-14023-5_3"},{"key":"B151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.3032"},{"key":"B152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.13539"},{"key":"B153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2007.08.008"},{"key":"B154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2011.04.005"},{"key":"B155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.21790"},{"key":"B156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4114"},{"key":"B157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4530(00)00035-4"},{"key":"B158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17437199.2021.1923406"},{"key":"B159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1359105317697813"},{"key":"B160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2018.05.028"},{"key":"B161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13548506.2020.1761553"},{"key":"B162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2007.07.002"},{"key":"B163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22115830"},{"key":"B164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.201400071"},{"key":"B165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2023-330365"},{"key":"B166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2019.10.011"},{"key":"B167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyy067"},{"key":"B168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2019.01.011"},{"key":"B169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2018.11.010"},{"key":"B170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-020-05665-y"},{"key":"B171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2016.191"},{"key":"B172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.10.010"},{"key":"B173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.04.043"},{"key":"B174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12103123"},{"key":"B175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12113422"},{"key":"B176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000493867"},{"key":"B177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2020.103176"},{"key":"B178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41367-019-0011-7"},{"key":"B179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ynstr.2017.03.001"},{"key":"B180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13679-018-0306-y"},{"key":"B181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s10038-023-01189-3"},{"key":"B182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41576-021-00414-z"},{"key":"B183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.21142"},{"key":"B184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-024-02737-9"},{"key":"B185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13679-023-00526-z"},{"key":"B186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23031341"},{"key":"B187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2020.113973"},{"key":"B188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2014.34"},{"key":"B189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01333-7"},{"key":"B190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366-020-00729-7"},{"key":"B191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12881-015-0174-1"},{"key":"B192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-023-05279-y"},{"key":"B193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1354750X.2019.1606279"},{"key":"B194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12986-021-00552-5"},{"key":"B195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-022-01149-x"},{"key":"B196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ncrna4030019"},{"key":"B197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-022-02689-3"},{"key":"B198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41430-020-0607-6"},{"key":"B199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2022.2051999"},{"key":"B200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-024-03278-5"},{"key":"B201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-023-09805-4"},{"key":"B202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v27.i25.3837"},{"key":"B203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-022-00794-0"},{"key":"B204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12263-021-00703-6"},{"key":"B205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app13010610"},{"key":"B206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2018.09.022"},{"key":"B207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/openhrt-2017-000676"},{"key":"B208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366-020-0603-x"},{"key":"B209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc21-2402"},{"key":"B210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01399-3"},{"key":"B211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000365040"},{"key":"B212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13679-024-00561-4"},{"key":"B213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-64636-7"},{"key":"B214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-21542-4"},{"key":"B215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00153.2023"},{"key":"B216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13105-020-00760-2"},{"key":"B217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-017-1570-0"},{"key":"B218","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-67648-9"},{"key":"B219","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI44403.response"},{"key":"B220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-019-0260-0"},{"key":"B221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2012.195776"},{"key":"B222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.1051682"},{"key":"B223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11101414"},{"key":"B224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-041919"},{"key":"B225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1274011"},{"key":"B226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41387-022-00213-3"},{"key":"B227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.012846"},{"key":"B228","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2016.222"},{"key":"B229","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmni.2021.100845"},{"key":"B230","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.01750"},{"key":"B231","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09637486.2017.1343286"},{"key":"B232","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00363.2015"},{"key":"B233","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature18846"},{"key":"B234","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201900521"},{"key":"B235","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2018.05.012"},{"key":"B236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29857"},{"key":"B237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymeth.2018.04.029"},{"key":"B238","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2013-1142"},{"key":"B239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-26209-8"},{"key":"B240","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9101053"},{"key":"B241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c5fo00322a"},{"key":"B242","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-33609-x"},{"key":"B243","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.09.048"},{"key":"B244","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2015.03.006"},{"key":"B245","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1501305112"},{"key":"B246","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.11.003"},{"key":"B247","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2018.04.095"},{"key":"B248","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/embr.202052316"},{"key":"B249","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.117.156380"},{"key":"B250","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2020.06.004"},{"key":"B251","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2020.02.008"},{"key":"B252","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.14005"},{"key":"B253","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nux036"},{"key":"B254","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11040719"},{"key":"B255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2019-320438"},{"key":"B256","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-01223-3"},{"key":"B257","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.06.008"},{"key":"B258","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.11.001"},{"key":"B259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-020-00925-x"},{"key":"B260","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100174"},{"key":"B261","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-022-01817-y"},{"key":"B262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-017-0791-y"},{"key":"B263","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqac106"},{"key":"B264","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0000000000000758"},{"key":"B265","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-020-00390-5"},{"key":"B266","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105562"},{"key":"B267","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12966"},{"key":"B268","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-018-0093-6"},{"key":"B269","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14040813"},{"key":"B270","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13113999"},{"key":"B271","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2014.66"},{"key":"B272","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2022.175069"},{"key":"B273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-017995"},{"key":"B274","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.10.028"},{"key":"B275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0495-2"},{"key":"B276","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13061902"},{"key":"B277","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2017.75"},{"key":"B279","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db05-1360"},{"key":"B280","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2005.117"},{"key":"B281","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114507691648"},{"key":"B282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2011.126"},{"key":"B283","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuz045"},{"key":"B284","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqy175"},{"key":"B285","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf501808a"},{"key":"B286","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2015.05.008"},{"key":"B287","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.3c04606"},{"key":"B288","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/ijsnem.2021-0330"},{"key":"B289","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-29744-5"},{"key":"B290","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15030496"},{"key":"B291","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/met.2017.0097"},{"key":"B292","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.847611"},{"key":"B293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2023.03.020"},{"key":"B294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01399-2"},{"key":"B295","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2050640620967898"},{"key":"B296","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fgstr.2023.1270899"},{"key":"B297","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aav0556"},{"key":"B298","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2022.08.045"},{"key":"B299","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-14177-z"},{"key":"B300","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep33251"},{"key":"B301","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118457"},{"key":"B302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-52103-x"},{"key":"B303","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1535370217743765"},{"key":"B304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-020-01657-8"},{"key":"B305","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2021.101223"},{"key":"B306","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.02032-23"},{"key":"B307","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cob.12392"},{"key":"B308","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.20897"},{"key":"B309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa066254"},{"key":"B310","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00021.2017"},{"key":"B311","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13679-017-0270-y"},{"key":"B312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22272"},{"key":"B313","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soard.2019.01.033"},{"key":"B314","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-019-03863-y"},{"key":"B315","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3005687"},{"key":"B316","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2023.101051"},{"key":"B317","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2017.02.002"},{"key":"B318","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/msystems.01367-20"},{"key":"B319","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/XCS.0000000000000145"},{"key":"B320","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2018-316103"},{"key":"B321","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-020-04956-9"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.physiology.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1152\/ajpgi.00227.2024","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]],"date-time":"2025-04-14T14:48:44Z","timestamp":1744642124000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.physiology.org\/doi\/10.1152\/ajpgi.00227.2024"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]]},"references-count":319,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1152\/ajpgi.00227.2024"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpgi.00227.2024","relation":{},"ISSN":["0193-1857","1522-1547"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0193-1857","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-1547","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-07-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-08-14","order":1,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-01-02","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-02-19","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}