{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,8]],"date-time":"2024-08-08T12:40:08Z","timestamp":1723120808927},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1-2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,1,1]],"date-time":"2000-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":946684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":946,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Immunology Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Intercellular channels called gap junctions enable multicellular organisms to exchange\ninformation rapidly between cells. Though gap junctions are held to be ubiquitous in solid\ntissues, we have only recently found them in the lymphoid organs. Functional direct cell\u2010cell\ncommunication has now been confirmed by us and other groups in bone marrow, thymus, and\nin secondary lymphoid tissues. What functions do they serve in the lymphoreticular system\nwhere, so far, only cytokines\/growth factors and adhesion molecules have been considered as\nregulators? Here we show evidence for and refer to published work about functional direct cellcell\ncommunication through gap junctions in germinal center reactions and make proposals for\ntheir role in the immune response.<\/jats:p><jats:p>We found a large amount of the connexin43 (Cx43) gap junctions in the germinal centers of\nsecondary lymphoid follicles. Ultrastructurally and immunohistologically, most of the junctions\nwere detected on the processes of follicular dendritic cells (FDC) enveloping nondividing\ncentrocytes in the light zone of germinal centers where B\u2010cell selection is thought to take place.\nFurther support for this finding came by revealing the Cx43 mRNA <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic> at the same location\nas the protein. On antigen challenge, gap junctions appeared on the FDC as they formed\nmeshworks in germinal centers. In order to find out which germinal center cells communicate\ndirectly, we separated FDC\u2010rich, low\u2010density, B\u2010cell fractions from human tonsil. In culture, we\ninjected single FDC with the low\u2010molecular\u2010weight fluorescent dye, Lucifer Yellow (Mr 457\nDa), which passed between adjacent FDC and sometimes from FDC to B cells.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Based on these findings and their assigned functions in other tissues, gap junctions may\ncontribute to germinal center reactions in the following ways: (1) they may regulate follicle\npattern formation by controlling FDC growth, (2) they may be involved in FDC\u2010B\u2010cell signaling\ncontributing to the final rescue of selected B cells from apoptosis, and (3) they may enable FDC\nto work as a functional syncytium providing a cellular internet for integrating germinal center\nevents. Data supporting these interpretations are briefly discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/1998\/45913","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,11]],"date-time":"2008-06-11T07:58:53Z","timestamp":1213171133000},"page":"111-118","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Gap\u2010Junction Communication Pathways in Germinal Center Reactions"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Tibor","family":"Krenacs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Rosendaal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1997,5,30]]},"container-title":["Journal of Immunology Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jir\/1998\/045913.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/1998\/45913","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,8]],"date-time":"2024-08-08T11:32:01Z","timestamp":1723116721000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/1998\/45913"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1997,5,30]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1-2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/1998\/45913"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/1998\/45913","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2314-8861","2314-7156"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2314-8861"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2314-7156"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1997,5,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1997-05-30","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"1997-05-30","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}