{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,9]],"date-time":"2024-08-09T10:40:01Z","timestamp":1723200001530},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1-4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,1,1]],"date-time":"2000-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":946684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":730,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000006","name":"Office of Naval Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000006","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["VLSI Design"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The problem of obtaining the lasing modes and corresponding threshold conditions for vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) is formulated as a <jats:italic>frequency-dependent<\/jats:italic> eigenvalue problem in required <jats:italic>gain amplitudes<\/jats:italic> and corresponding fields. Both index and gain guiding are treated on an equal footing. The complex gain eigenvalues define necessary but not sufficient conditions for lasing. The actual lasing frequencies and\nmodes that the VCSEL can support are then determined by matching the gain necessary for the optical system in both magnitude and phase to the gain available from the laser\u2032s electronic system. Examples are provided.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/1998\/81752","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,18]],"date-time":"2007-09-18T12:58:07Z","timestamp":1190120287000},"page":"87-91","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Theory and Modeling of Lasing Modes  in Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Klein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Leonard F.","family":"Register","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Karl","family":"Hess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Dennis","family":"Deppe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1998,1]]},"container-title":["VLSI Design"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/archive\/1998\/081752.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/1998\/81752","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,9]],"date-time":"2024-08-09T10:02:31Z","timestamp":1723197751000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/1998\/81752"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1-4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/1998\/81752"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/1998\/81752","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1065-514X","1563-5171"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1065-514X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1563-5171"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1998,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1998-01-01","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}