{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T12:57:42Z","timestamp":1788872262413,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,1,1]],"date-time":"2000-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":946684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":428,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004429","name":"University of Crete","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004429","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Immunology Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Female reproduction is the only system subjected to well defined periodic changes. The final\nstage of the menstrual cycle in mammals is the maturation of the ovum and the preparation of\nthe female organism to support fetal development fertilization. Once pregnancy occurs, both\nmaternal and fetal sites emit regulatory signals to ensure embryo development and maternal\nprotection against a graft versus host (GvH) reaction initiated by the semi\u2010allogeneic fetus.\nWe and others have previously shown that each day of fetal development in mice is characterized\nby different cytokine production, detected not only at the proximity of the feto\u2010placental\nunit (decidua, uterus), but also in maternal lymphoid organs (spleen), as well as in the\nserum. In the present study, we concentrated on the menstrual cycle and the preimplantation\nstages of pregnancy and defined the levels of GM\u2010CSF, IL\u201010, IL\u20106, and IL\u20103 in the murine\nuterus during anoestrus, proestrus, oestrus, and second and third day of gestation. We show by\nimmunofluorescence and ELISA techniques that GM\u2010CSF is maintained at high levels during\nanoestrus, proestus, oestrus, and the second day of pregnancy while dropping on the third day.\nIL\u20103 levels are found elevated during proestrus, second and third day of gestation, IL\u20106\nincreases essentially during proestrus, whereas the production of IL\u201010 was detected during\noestrus and the early stages of pregnancy. Immunoperoxidase staining on frozen sections of\nuteri during the early gestational period localize GM\u2010CSF and IL\u20103 production in the\nendometrium, IL\u201010 in the endometrium on the second day of pregnancy, and\nendometrium\/myometrium on the third day. Low levels of IL\u20106 could be detected in the\nendometrium\/epithelium on the second day and endometrium\/myometrium on the third day\nof gestation. The role of IL\u20103, IL\u201010, and, to a lesser degree, IL\u20106 is fortified by the embryo\nitself, since these cytokines were found to be produced by blastocysts as well. These results\ndemonstrate the existence of a specific distribution of lymphokines within the uterine tissue,\nthe role of which is being discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/1999\/67137","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,11]],"date-time":"2008-06-11T04:03:14Z","timestamp":1213156994000},"page":"33-42","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Uterine Cytokine Production During the Menstrual Cycle and Preimplantation Stages in Mice"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Irene","family":"Athanassakis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vagia","family":"Farmakiotis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lina","family":"Papadimitriou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1998,10,30]]},"container-title":["Journal of Immunology Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jir\/1999\/067137.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/1999\/67137","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T17:39:13Z","timestamp":1723052353000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/1999\/67137"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998,10,30]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/1999\/67137"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/1999\/67137","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2314-8861","2314-7156"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2314-8861","type":"print"},{"value":"2314-7156","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1998,10,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1998-05-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"1998-10-30","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"1998-10-30","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}