{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T02:49:19Z","timestamp":1774493359920,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Hindawi Limited","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1104537600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>OBJECTIVE: Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea is a major problem in adults. The present study was conducted to assess risk factors and outcomes in children with C difficile-associated diarrhea.<\/jats:p><jats:p>METHODS: Laboratory records at a university-affiliated pediatric hospital were reviewed for all C difficile toxin-positive stools (cell culture cytotoxin assay) between 2000 and 2003. Charts on identified patients were reviewed.<\/jats:p><jats:p>RESULTS: Two hundred patients with a diagnosis of C difficile-associated diarrhea were identified between February 2000 and November 2003. There were 107 males and 93 females (mean age 5.4 years; median age 2.6 years). Underlying factors were identified in 19% (12 patients underwent chemotherapy; seven patients had Crohn's disease; six were transplantation recipients; seven an immunodeficiency; four with Hirschsprung disease; two diagnoses of 'other'). Of the 200 identified patients, 149 (74.5%) had documentation of antibiotics in the previous two months (32 penicillins; 38 cephalosporins; three clindamycin, nine other single-agent, 59 multiple; eight not specified), and 111 (55.5%) had been hospitalized in the previous month. The symptoms of C difficile-associated diarrhea included bloody stools in 12.5% and frequent watery stools in 79%. Hospitalization was required in 27 of 116 outpatients; stay was prolonged in seven of the 84 patients already hospitalized. Fifty-five per cent received metronidazole, 34% were not treated, and treatment data were not available for the remainder. Recurrence occurred in 31% of those treated and retreatment consisted of vancomycin (15%), probiotics (15%) and cholestyramine (6%). No colectomies were required but two deaths occurred.<\/jats:p><jats:p>CONCLUSIONS: The majority of pediatric patients developing symptomatic C difficile-associated diarrhea had antibiotic exposure or hospitalization within the previous one to two months. This is higher than previously reported. One-third had spontaneous symptom resolution. For those treated, recurrence rates were high. Mortality was significantly lower than described in adults, in agreement with prior literature.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2005\/326296","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,21]],"date-time":"2016-03-21T22:40:06Z","timestamp":1458600006000},"page":"497-501","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Clostridium Difficile-Associated Diarrhea in 200 Canadian Children"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"V\u00e9ronique","family":"Morinville","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Montreal Children\u2019s Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"McDonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Montreal Children\u2019s Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"98","container-title":["Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/cjgh\/2005\/326296.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/cjgh\/2005\/326296.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,23]],"date-time":"2016-08-23T08:13:11Z","timestamp":1471939991000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/cjgh\/2005\/326296\/abs\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005]]}},"alternative-id":["326296"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2005\/326296","relation":{},"ISSN":["0835-7900"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0835-7900","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005]]}}}