{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T00:46:18Z","timestamp":1789865178655,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,1,1]],"date-time":"2000-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":946684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Canadian Respiratory Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>BACKGROUND: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a lung disease characterized by chronic infection with Gram\u2010negative bacteria <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> and Gram\u2010positive bacteria <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>. Recently, toll\u2010like receptor (TLR) 4 has been shown to be responsible for the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)\u2010mediated immune response. While TLR2 mediates responses driven by bacterial lipoproteins and peptidoglycans from Gram\u2010positive bacteria, LPS derived from <jats:italic>P aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> may stimulate the immune response in the airways of patients with CF via activation of TLR4.<\/jats:p><jats:p>OBJECTIVES: To investigate TLR4 and TLR2 expression in the bronchial mucosa of patients with CF and normal control subjects.<\/jats:p><jats:p>PATIENTS   AND METHODS: Endoscopic bronchial biopsies from seven patients with CF and six healthy control subjects were obtained. TLR4 and TLR2 expression was assessed using immmunocytochemistry. Real\u2010time polymerase chain reaction was used to detect TLR4 messenger RNA in blood cells from patients with CF and to compare TLR4 expression in CF bronchial epithelial cells with non\u2010CF bronchial epithelial cells.<\/jats:p><jats:p>RESULTS: In patients with CF, the number of TLR4\u2010positive cells was significantly increased in their submucosa (P&lt;0.05) but significantly reduced in their epithelium compared with control subjects (P&lt;0.05). The majority of TLR4\u2010positive cells were neutrophils. Patients with CF (n=4) and control subjects (n=4) had a similar percentage of TLR4\u2010expressing neutrophils and monocytes\/lymphocytes in peripheral blood. CF cells (IB\u20103) had significantly decreased basal TLR4 messenger RNA expression compared with non\u2010CF cells (Calu\u20103) (P&lt;0.05). Although there was a trend toward reduced TLR2 expression in the airway epithelium of patients with CF (P=0.07), there was no significant difference in TLR2 expression in the submucosa of patients with CF compared with that of control subjects.<\/jats:p><jats:p>CONCLUSIONS: Both TLR4 and TLR2 expression in the bronchial epithelium of patients with CF were significantly reduced compared with healthy control subjects. In contrast, the number of TLR4\u2010positive neutrophils in the submucosa of patients with CF was higher than in control subjects. This may suggest that the loss of epithelial TLR expression may contribute to the impaired defense against LPS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2005\/648984","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,15]],"date-time":"2016-03-15T08:01:31Z","timestamp":1458028891000},"page":"13-18","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Toll Like Receptors 4 and 2 Expression in the Bronchial Mucosa of Patients with Cystic Fibrosis"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Hans-Peter","family":"Hauber","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meri K","family":"Tulic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Tsicopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benoit","family":"Wallaert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ron","family":"Olivenstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Daigneault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qutayba","family":"Hamid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,3]]},"container-title":["Canadian Respiratory Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/crj\/2005\/648984.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/2005\/648984","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]],"date-time":"2024-07-30T16:13:47Z","timestamp":1722356027000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/2005\/648984"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/2005\/648984"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2005\/648984","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1198-2241","1916-7245"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1198-2241","type":"print"},{"value":"1916-7245","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2005-02-03","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}