{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T12:20:54Z","timestamp":1767961254008,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,13]],"date-time":"2008-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1202860800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":43,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RO1 NS047599"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RO1 NS047599"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RO1 AI40635"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RO1 AI40635"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RO1 NS047599"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RO1 NS047599"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RO1 AI40635"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RO1 AI40635"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In order to dissect the pathogenesis of <jats:italic>Cryptococcus neoformans<\/jats:italic> meningoencephalitis, a genomic survey of the changes in gene expression of human brain microvascular endothelial cells infected by <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>neoformans<\/jats:italic> was carried out in a time\u2010course study. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed significant fluctuations in the expression levels of different groups of genes during the pathogen\u2010host interaction. Self\u2010organizing map (SOM) analysis revealed that most genes were up\u2010 or downregulated 2 folds or more at least at one time point during the pathogen\u2010host engagement. The microarray data were validated by Western blot analysis of a group of genes, including <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2010actin, Bcl\u2010x, CD47, Bax, Bad, and Bcl\u20102. Hierarchical cluster profile showed that 61 out of 66 listed interferon genes were changed at least at one time point. Similarly, the active responses in expression of MHC genes were detected at all stages of the interaction. Taken together, our infectomic approaches suggest that the host cells significantly change the gene profiles and also actively participate in immunoregulations of the central nervous system (CNS) during <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>neoformans<\/jats:italic> infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2008\/375620","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,14]],"date-time":"2008-02-14T15:01:36Z","timestamp":1203001296000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Infectomic Analysis of Gene Expression Profiles of       Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells Infected with<i>Cryptococcus neoformans<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2008","author":[{"given":"Ambrose","family":"Jong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chun-Hua","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wensheng","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Han-Min","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sheng-He","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10142-002-0048-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.8.4.515"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2000-9394"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","first-page":"79","article-title":"Cryptococcus neoformans: virulence and host defences","volume":"3","author":"Perfect J. 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