{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,5]],"date-time":"2022-04-05T23:55:33Z","timestamp":1649202933049},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Hindawi Limited","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,1]],"date-time":"2008-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1199145600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Academy of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["202179","202180"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202179","202180"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Advances in Human-Computer Interaction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper focuses on developing, testing, and examining the Proagents multimodal learning environment to support blind children's explorative learning in the area of astronomy. We utilize haptic, auditive, and visual interaction. Haptic and auditory feedbacks make the system accessible to blind children. The system is used as an exploration tool for children's spontaneous and question-driven explorations. High-level interaction and play are essential with environments for young children. Proactive agents support and guide children to deepen their explorations and discover the central concepts and relations in phenomena. It has been challenging to integrate together in a pedagogically relevant way the explorative learning approach, proactive agents' actions, haptic perception's possibilities, and the selected astronomical phenomena. Our tests have shown that children are very interested in using the system and the operations of the agents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2008\/387076","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,25]],"date-time":"2009-01-25T14:45:09Z","timestamp":1232894709000},"page":"1-13","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Proactive Agents to Assist Multimodal Explorative Learning of Astronomical Phenomena"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2008","author":[{"given":"Eva","family":"Tuominen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit for Early Childhood Education, Department of Teacher Education, University of Tampere, 33014 Tampere, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marjatta","family":"Kangassalo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit for Early Childhood Education, Department of Teacher Education, University of Tampere, 33014 Tampere, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pentti","family":"Hietala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tampere Unit for Computer-Human Interaction TAUCHI, Department of Computer Sciences, University of Tampere, 33014 Tampere, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roope","family":"Raisamo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tampere Unit for Computer-Human Interaction TAUCHI, Department of Computer Sciences, University of Tampere, 33014 Tampere, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kari","family":"Peltola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Development Unit, University of Tampere, 33014 Tampere, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"98","reference":[{"key":"2","first-page":"511","volume-title":"The pictorial computer-based simulation in natural sciences for children's use","year":"1992"},{"issue":"2","key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03173083","volume":"12","year":"1997","journal-title":"European Journal of Psychology of Education"},{"key":"4","first-page":"13","volume-title":"Preface","year":"1999"},{"key":"5","first-page":"155","volume-title":"Children's understanding of astronomy and the earth sciences","year":"1995"},{"key":"6","first-page":"170","volume-title":"The Earth as a cosmic body","year":"1985"},{"key":"7","first-page":"535","volume-title":"Mental models of the Earth: a study of conceptual change in childhood","year":"1991"},{"issue":"1","key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/0959-4752(94)90018-3","volume":"4","year":"1994","journal-title":"Learning and Instruction"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-4752(00)00038-4"},{"issue":"1","key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1207\/s15516709cog1801_4","volume":"18","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cognitive Science"},{"key":"13","first-page":"14","volume-title":"Aivot ja oppiminen","year":"1997"},{"key":"14","year":"1984"},{"key":"15","year":"2007"},{"key":"17","year":"2005"},{"key":"18","first-page":"39","volume-title":"On understanding the nature of scientific knowledge","year":"1995"},{"issue":"1","key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1013076706416","volume":"11","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science and Education"},{"key":"20","first-page":"274","volume-title":"Schools as knowledge building organizations","year":"1999"},{"key":"21","first-page":"28","volume-title":"Tutkiva oppiminen","year":"2004"},{"key":"23","year":"2002"},{"issue":"1","key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1080\/13502930085208461","volume":"8","year":"2000","journal-title":"European Early Childhood Education Research Journal"},{"key":"25","first-page":"173","volume-title":"Interest, epistemological belief, and intentional conceptual change","year":"2003"},{"key":"26","first-page":"407","volume-title":"When is conceptual change intended? 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