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While vitamin A is required for normal formation of immune cells and epithelial cell barriers, vitamin A deficiency can lead to increased inflammatory responses and tissue damage. The mechanism with which vitamin A and its metabolites such as retinoids negatively regulate inflammatory responses has not been clearly defined. Recently, it has been established that retinoids promote the generation of immune-suppressive FoxP<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mn>3<\/mml:mn><mml:mo>+<\/mml:mo><\/mml:msup><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>regulatory T cells while they suppress the T cell differentiation into inflammatory Th17 cells in the periphery such as intestine. These novel functions of retinoids provide a potentially important immune regulatory mechanism. In this review, we discuss the functions of retinoids in the development of the FoxP<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mn>3<\/mml:mn><mml:mo>+<\/mml:mo><\/mml:msup><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>cells and Th17 cells, the phenotype and functions of retinoid-induced FoxP<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mn>3<\/mml:mn><mml:mo>+<\/mml:mo><\/mml:msup><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>T cells, and the impact of retinoid-induced FoxP<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mn>3<\/mml:mn><mml:mo>+<\/mml:mo><\/mml:msup><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>T cells on the immune tolerance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2008\/416910","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,10]],"date-time":"2008-09-10T11:15:14Z","timestamp":1221045314000},"page":"1-12","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Regulation of FoxP<mml:math 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