{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T13:50:31Z","timestamp":1753883431420,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,7]],"date-time":"2008-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1210118400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":127,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We present symbolic kernel discriminant analysis (symbolic KDA) for face\nrecognition in the framework of symbolic data analysis. Classical KDA extracts features, which are single\u2010valued in nature to represent face images. \n                  These single\u2010valued variables may not be able to capture variation of each feature in all the images \n                  of same subject; this leads to loss of information. The symbolic KDA algorithm extracts most \n                  discriminating nonlinear interval\u2010type features which optimally discriminate among the classes \n                  represented in the training set. The proposed method has been successfully tested for face \n                  recognition using two databases, ORL database and Yale face database. The effectiveness of the proposed \n                  method is shown in terms of comparative performance against popular face recognition methods \n                  such as kernel Eigenface method and kernel Fisherface method. Experimental results show that \n                  symbolic KDA yields improved recognition rate.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2008\/486247","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,8]],"date-time":"2008-05-08T15:55:25Z","timestamp":1210262125000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Extraction and Recognition of Nonlinear Interval\u2010Type Features Using Symbolic KDA Algorithm with Application to Face Recognition"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2008","author":[{"given":"P. S.","family":"Hiremath","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"C. J.","family":"Prabhakar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/72.914517"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/089976698300017467"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MikaS. R\u00e4tschG. WestonJ. Sch\u00f6lkopfB. andM\u00fcllerK.-R. Fisher discriminant analysis with kernels Proceedings of the 9th IEEE Workshop on Neural Networks for Signal Processing (NNSP \u203299) August 1999 Madison Wis USA 41\u201348 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/NNSP.1999.788121.","DOI":"10.1109\/NNSP.1999.788121"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-57155-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"HiremathP. S.andPrabhakarC. J. Symbolic factorial discriminant analysis for face recognition under variable lighting Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Visual Information Engineering (VIE \u203206) September 2006 Bangalore India IET 150\u2013154.","DOI":"10.1049\/cp:20060519"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","first-page":"15","article-title":"Acquiring non linear subspace for face recognition using symbolic kernel PCA method","volume":"4","author":"Hiremath P. S","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Symbolic Data Analysis"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","first-page":"183","volume-title":"Face Recognition","author":"Hiremath P. S.","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"YangM.-H. AhujaN. andKriegmanD. Face recognition using kernel eigenfaces 1 Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP \u203200) September 2000 Vancouver BC Canada 37\u201340 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICIP.2000.900886.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP.2000.900886"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"YangM.-H. Kernel eigenfaces vs. kernel fisherfaces: face recognition using kernel methods Proceedings of the 5th IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition (FGR \u203202) May 2002 Washington DC USA 215\u2013220.","DOI":"10.1109\/AFGR.2002.4527207"}],"container-title":["Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jece\/2008\/486247.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jece\/2008\/486247.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/2008\/486247","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,28]],"date-time":"2024-06-28T13:27:24Z","timestamp":1719581244000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/2008\/486247"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Paul","family":"Cristea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,1]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/2008\/486247"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2008\/486247","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2090-0147","2090-0155"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2090-0147"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2090-0155"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2007-07-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2008-02-12","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2008-05-07","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"486247"}}