{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T03:43:16Z","timestamp":1785901396119,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,1,1]],"date-time":"2000-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":946684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>BACKGROUND: Methicillin\u2010resistant <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> (MRSA), extended\u2010spectrum beta\u2010lactamase (ESBL)\u2010producing <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> and vancomycin\u2010resistant enterococci (VRE) are important hospital pathogens in Canada and worldwide.<\/jats:p><jats:p>OBJECTIVES: To genotypically and phenotypically characterize the isolates of MRSA, VRE and ESBL\u2010producing <jats:italic>E coli<\/jats:italic> collected from patients in Canadian intensive care units (ICUs) in 2005 and 2006.<\/jats:p><jats:p>METHODS: Between September 1, 2005, and June 30, 2006, 19 medical centres participating in the Canadian National Intensive Care Unit (CAN\u2010ICU) study collected 4133 unique patient isolates associated with infections in ICUs. Isolates of MRSA underwent <jats:italic>mec<\/jats:italic>A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Panton\u2010Valentine leukocidin analysis; they were typed using pulsed\u2010field gel electrophoresis. All isolates of <jats:italic>E coli<\/jats:italic> with ceftriaxone minimum inhibitory concentrations greater than or equal to 1 \u03bcg\/mL were tested for the presence of an ESBL using the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute double\u2010disk diffusion method. Subsequently, PCR and sequence analysis were used to identify <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>SHV<\/jats:sub>, <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>TEM<\/jats:sub> and <jats:italic>bl<\/jats:italic>a<jats:sub>CTX-M<\/jats:sub>. Isolates of VRE were tested for the presence of <jats:italic>van<\/jats:italic>A and <jats:italic>van<\/jats:italic>B genes by PCR.<\/jats:p><jats:p>RESULTS: Of the 4133 ICU isolates collected, MRSA accounted for 4.7% (193 of 4133) of all isolates. MRSA represented 21.9% (193 of 880) of all <jats:italic>S aureus<\/jats:italic> collected during the study; 90.7% were health care\u2010associated MRSA strains and 9.3% were community\u2010associated MRSA strains. Resistance rates for the isolates of MRSA were 91.8% to levofloxacin, 89.9% to clarithromycin, 76.1% to clindamycin and 11.7% to trimethoprim\u2010sulfamethoxazole; no isolates were resistant to vancomycin, linezolid, tigecycline or daptomycin. ESBL\u2010producing <jats:italic>E coli<\/jats:italic> accounted for 0.4% (18 of 4133) of all isolates and 3.7% (18 of 493) of <jats:italic>E coli<\/jats:italic> isolates. All 18 ESBL\u2010producing <jats:italic>E coli<\/jats:italic> were PCR\u2010positive for CTX\u2010M, with <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>CTX-M-15<\/jats:sub> occurring in 72% (13 of 18) of isolates. All ESBL\u2010producing <jats:italic>E coli<\/jats:italic> displayed a multidrug\u2010resistant phenotype (resistant to third\u2010generation cephalosporins and one or more other classes of antimicrobials), with 77.8% of isolates resistant to ciprofloxacin, 55.6% resistant to trimethoprim\u2010sulfamethoxazole, 27.8% resistant to gentamicin and 26.3% resistant to doxycycline; all isolates were susceptible to ertapenem, meropenem and tigecycline. VRE accounted for 0.4% (17 of 4133) of all isolates and 6.7% (17 of 255) of enterococci isolates; 88.2% of VRE had the <jats:italic>van<\/jats:italic>A genotype. Isolated VRE that were tested were uniformly susceptible to linezolid, tigecycline and daptomycin.<\/jats:p><jats:p>CONCLUSIONS: MRSA isolated in Canadian ICUs in 2005 and 2006 was predominately health care\u2010associated (90.7%), ESBL\u2010producing <jats:italic>E coli<\/jats:italic> were all CTX\u2010M producers (72% <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>CTX-M-15<\/jats:sub>) and VRE primarily harboured a <jats:italic>van<\/jats:italic>A genotype (88.2%). MRSA, ESBL\u2010producing <jats:italic>E coli<\/jats:italic> and VRE were frequently multidrug resistant.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2008\/714846","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,15]],"date-time":"2016-03-15T13:52:01Z","timestamp":1458049921000},"page":"243-249","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Characterization of Methicillin\u2010Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i>, Vancomycin\u2010Resistant Enterococci and Extended\u2010Spectrum Beta\u2010Lactamase\u2010Producing <i>Escherichia coli<\/i> in Intensive Care Units in Canada: Results of the Canadian National Intensive Care Unit (Can\u2010Icu) Study (2005\u20132006)"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"George G","family":"Zhanel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mel","family":"DeCorby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kim A","family":"Nichol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia J","family":"Baudry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James A","family":"Karlowsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe RS","family":"Lagace-Wiens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"McCracken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael R","family":"Mulvey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daryl J","family":"Hoban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"The Canadian Antimicrobial Resistance Alliance (CARA)","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,12]]},"container-title":["Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/cjidmm\/2008\/714846.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/2008\/714846","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T19:18:10Z","timestamp":1723058290000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/2008\/714846"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/2008\/714846"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2008\/714846","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1712-9532","1918-1493"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1712-9532","type":"print"},{"value":"1918-1493","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2008-02-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2008-02-12","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2008-02-12","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}