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transcription factor with important regulatory roles in inflammation, cellular growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. PPAR<jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic> is expressed in a variety of immune cells as well as in numerous leukemias and lymphomas. Here, we review recent studies that provide new insights into the mechanisms by which PPAR<jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic> ligands influence hematological malignant cell growth, differentiation, and survival. 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