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Recently, PPAR ligands have been also considered as potential anticancer agents, with relatively low systemic toxicity. The emerging evidence for antiproliferative, proapoptotic, antiinflammatory and potential antimetastatic properties of PPAR<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic> ligands prompted us to discuss possible roles of PPAR<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic> in tumor suppression. PPAR<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic> activation can target cancer cells energy balance by blocking fatty acid synthesis and by promoting fatty acid <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2010oxidation. In the state of limited nutrient availability, frequently presents in the tumor microenvironment, PPAR<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic> cooperates with AMP\u2010dependent protein kinase in: (i) repressing oncogenic Akt activity, (ii) inhibiting cell proliferation, and (iii) forcing glycolysis\u2010dependent cancer cells into \u201cmetabolic catastrophe.\u201d Other potential anticancer effects of PPAR<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic> include suppression of inflammation, and upregulation of uncoupling proteins (UCPs), which attenuates mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production and cell proliferation. In conclusion, there are strong premises that the low\u2010toxic and well\u2010tolerated PPAR ligands should be considered as new therapeutic agents to fight disseminating cancer, which represents the major challenge for modern medicine and basic research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2008\/930705","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,22]],"date-time":"2008-05-22T12:35:26Z","timestamp":1211459726000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Anticancer Properties of PPAR<i>\u03b1<\/i>\u2010Effects on  Cellular Metabolism and Inflammation"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2008","author":[{"given":"Maja","family":"Grabacka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Reiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.124.3215.267"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.123.3191.309"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2006.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceb.2006.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2007.01825.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2828(02)92061-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.9.4312"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(00)80467-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-0895(199812)14:4<263::AID-DMR233>3.0.CO;2-C"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/67.3.519S","article-title":"Metabolic interactions between glucose and fatty acids in humans","volume":"67","author":"Wolfe R. 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