{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T13:55:29Z","timestamp":1791294929342,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,1]],"date-time":"2009-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1230768000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HL088320"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HL088320"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HL094802"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HL094802"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI053098"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI053098"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI054578"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI054578"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HL088320"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HL088320"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HL094802"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HL094802"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI053098"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI053098"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI054578"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI054578"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HL088320"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HL088320"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HL094802"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HL094802"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI053098"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI053098"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI054578"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI054578"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HL088320"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HL088320"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HL094802"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HL094802"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI053098"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI053098"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI054578"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI054578"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>There is growing evidence to suggest that chagasic myocardia are exposed to sustained oxidative stress induced injuries that may contribute to disease progression. Trypanosoma cruzi invasion- and replication-mediated cellular injuries and immune-mediated cytotoxic reactions are the common source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during acute infection. Mitochondria are proposed to be the major source of ROS in chronic chagasic hearts. However, it has not been established yet, whether mitochondrial dysfunction is a causative factor in chagasic cardiomyopathy or a consequence of other pathological events. A better understanding of oxidative stress in relation to cardiac tissue damage would be useful in the evaluation of its true role in the pathogenesis of Chagas disease and other heart diseases. In this review, we discuss the evidence for increased oxidative stress in chagasic disease, with emphasis on mitochondrial abnormalities, and its role in sustaining oxidative stress in myocardium.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2009\/190354","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,15]],"date-time":"2009-06-15T06:13:50Z","timestamp":1245046430000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":80,"title":["Oxidative Stress in Chagas Disease"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2009","author":[{"given":"Shivali","family":"Gupta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian-Jun","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nisha Jain","family":"Garg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA"},{"name":"Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA"},{"name":"3.142C Medical Research Building, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555-1070, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0163-7258(79)90025-1"},{"issue":"3","key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1536\/ihj.27.307","volume":"27","year":"1986","journal-title":"Japanese Heart Journal"},{"key":"4","first-page":"145","volume-title":"Pathology of Chagas' disease","year":"1985"},{"issue":"6","key":"5","first-page":"1403","volume":"144","year":"1994","journal-title":"The American Journal of Pathology"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.4960231205"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(03)00361-4"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0001-37652001000400008"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/s11686-006-0048-y"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2003.049478"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(99)00115-7"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2004.09.015"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-2478(92)90090-B"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1065-6995(03)00173-2"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-2478(98)00066-2"},{"issue":"9","key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6271","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.9.6271","volume":"177","year":"2006","journal-title":"The Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00019-09"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(02)00283-7"},{"issue":"6","key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1998.58.715","volume":"58","year":"1998","journal-title":"The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(87)90712-5"},{"issue":"1","key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1989.41.29","volume":"41","year":"1989","journal-title":"The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5273(97)02952-5"},{"issue":"2","key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4439(03)00060-7","volume":"1638","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biochimica et Biophysica Acta"},{"issue":"2","key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)62976-8","volume":"167","year":"2005","journal-title":"American Journal of Pathology"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-003-0937-z"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20040356"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2004.03.005"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00229474"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/1357-2725(95)00073-X"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2006.060475"},{"issue":"3","key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1042\/bj1280617","volume":"128","year":"1972","journal-title":"Biochemical Journal"},{"issue":"4","key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.85.4.357","volume":"85","year":"1999","journal-title":"Circulation Research"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M304854200"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10863-008-9184-4"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.bi.64.070195.000525"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470122860.ch2"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(01)00724-9"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(99)00128-7"},{"key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(00)00078-X"},{"key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2003.08.037"},{"key":"41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2004.09.011"},{"key":"42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2006.04.009"},{"key":"43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2006.04.046"},{"key":"44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(03)00002-4"},{"issue":"1","key":"45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00018.2001","volume":"82","year":"2002","journal-title":"Physiological Reviews"},{"key":"46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(91)90550-U"},{"key":"47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(79)90738-3"},{"key":"48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0098-2997(03)00023-2"},{"key":"49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.10.4544"},{"key":"50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1998.tb09924.x"},{"key":"51","first-page":"S99","volume":"33","year":"2000","journal-title":"Free Radical Research"},{"key":"52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2003.10.006"},{"key":"53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0531-5565(00)00231-X"},{"key":"54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.20027"},{"key":"55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(88)90269-6"},{"issue":"3","key":"56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1997.56.329","volume":"56","year":"1997","journal-title":"The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"issue":"3","key":"57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1504","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.131.3.1504","volume":"131","year":"1983","journal-title":"The Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2008.06.013"},{"issue":"3","key":"59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1979.59.3.527","volume":"59","year":"1979","journal-title":"Physiological Reviews"},{"issue":"2","key":"60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1042\/bj1560435","volume":"156","year":"1976","journal-title":"Biochemical Journal"},{"issue":"8","key":"61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.3109\/00498259109039543","volume":"21","year":"1991","journal-title":"Xenobiotica"},{"key":"62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0188-4409(03)00004-3"},{"key":"63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.64.5.1136"},{"issue":"1","key":"64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2190001","volume":"219","year":"1984","journal-title":"Biochemical Journal"},{"key":"65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/abio.1994.1358"},{"issue":"15","key":"66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6730","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)62677-3","volume":"261","year":"1986","journal-title":"The Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"key":"67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04690.x","volume":"973","year":"2002","journal-title":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"68","first-page":"31","volume":"32","year":"1990","journal-title":"Circulatory Shock"},{"key":"69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0702826"},{"key":"70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.286.5438.304"},{"key":"71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2002.tb02103.x","volume":"959","year":"2002","journal-title":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.1999.1.4-481"},{"key":"73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2006.11.118"},{"key":"74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(85)90222-4"},{"issue":"2","key":"75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1590\/S1516-31801995000200014","volume":"113","year":"1995","journal-title":"S\u00e3o Paulo Medical Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/S0894-7317(88)80064-6","volume":"1","year":"1988","journal-title":"Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography"},{"key":"77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(90)90191-Y"},{"issue":"3","key":"78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1997.57.321","volume":"57","year":"1997","journal-title":"The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3284127"},{"key":"80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46651999000200011"},{"key":"81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/28.1.1"},{"key":"82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jmcc.1996.0211"},{"issue":"5, supplement 1","key":"83","first-page":"80","volume":"38","year":"1976","journal-title":"Circulation Research"},{"issue":"5, supplement 2","key":"84","first-page":"371","volume":"86","year":"1992","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(03)00278-3"},{"key":"86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2828(87)80530-8"},{"key":"87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jmcc.2001.1378"},{"key":"88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(98)01106-5"},{"key":"89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(99)01525-2"}],"container-title":["Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ipid\/2009\/190354.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ipid\/2009\/190354.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ipid\/2009\/190354.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,25]],"date-time":"2023-05-25T17:35:25Z","timestamp":1685036125000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/ipid\/2009\/190354\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009]]},"references-count":88,"alternative-id":["190354","190354"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2009\/190354","relation":{},"ISSN":["1687-708X","1687-7098"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1687-708X","type":"print"},{"value":"1687-7098","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009]]}}}