{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T08:56:05Z","timestamp":1740128165867,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,1]],"date-time":"2009-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1230768000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003407","name":"Ministero dell\u2019Istruzione, dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mediators of Inflammation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>IL-4 is an anti-inflammatory cytokine that inhibits the onset and severity in different experimental arthritis models. Group B streptococci (GBS) have been recognized as an ever-growing cause of serious invasive infections in nonpregnant adults. Septic arthritis is a clinical manifestation of GBS infection. To investigate the role of IL-4 in experimental GBS infection, IL-4 deficient or competent mice were inoculated with<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mml:mn>1<\/mml:mn><mml:mo>\u00d7<\/mml:mo><mml:msup><mml:mn>10<\/mml:mn><mml:mn>7<\/mml:mn><\/mml:msup><\/mml:math>GBS\/mouse. Mortality, appearance of arthritis, GBS growth in the organs, and local and systemic cytokine and chemokine production were examined. IL-4\u2013\/\u2013 mice showed lower mortality rates but increased severity of arthritis and exhibited a lower microbial load in blood, kidneys, and joints than wt mice. Increased local levels of IL-1<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mml:mi>\u03b2<\/mml:mi><\/mml:math>, IL-6, TNF-<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mml:mi>\u03b1<\/mml:mi><\/mml:math>, MIP-1<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mml:mi>\u03b1<\/mml:mi><\/mml:math>, and MIP-2 accompanied the more severe arthritis in IL-4\u2013\/\u2013 mice. Our results suggest a detrimental role of IL-4 in GBS sepsis, whereas it plays a beneficial effect on GBS-induced arthritis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2009\/394021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,7]],"date-time":"2009-07-07T13:37:55Z","timestamp":1246973875000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["IL-4 Deficiency Decreases Mortality but Increases Severity of Arthritis in Experimental Group B<i>Streptococcus<\/i>Infection"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2009","author":[{"given":"Luciana","family":"Tissi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Section, Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Bistoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Section, Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manuela","family":"Puliti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Section, Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)07128-1"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/314756"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200001063420103"},{"issue":"6","key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-123-6-199509150-00003","volume":"123","year":"1995","journal-title":"Annals of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00015020"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/322696"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-199507000-00002"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-199905000-00005"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.158.15.1704"},{"issue":"3","key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-5898(20)31678-3","volume":"22","year":"1991","journal-title":"Orthopedic Clinics of North America"},{"issue":"12","key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198503213121206","volume":"312","year":"1985","journal-title":"The New England Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-857X(21)00189-7","volume":"19","year":"1993","journal-title":"Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(76)90329-6"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-197711000-00001"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(84)90653-3"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(84)91008-8"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-200303000-00006"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1297-319X(03)00122-2"},{"issue":"9","key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3093","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.58.9.3093-3100.1990","volume":"58","year":"1990","journal-title":"Infection and Immunity"},{"first-page":"549","volume-title":"Experimental group B Streptococcus arthritis in mice","year":"1999","key":"20"},{"issue":"8","key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1099\/00222615-47-8-717","volume":"47","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Microbiology"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/315773"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200012)43:12<2678::AID-ANR7>3.0.CO;2-A"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1462-5822.2002.00223.x"},{"issue":"9","key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4545","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.9.4545-4550.1999","volume":"67","year":"1999","journal-title":"Infection and Immunity"},{"issue":"7","key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1392","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V76.7.1392.1392","volume":"76","year":"1990","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"6","key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3345","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.169.6.3345","volume":"169","year":"2002","journal-title":"The Journal of Immunology"},{"issue":"5","key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.145.5.1435","volume":"145","year":"1990","journal-title":"The Journal of Immunology"},{"issue":"5","key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.148.5.1411","volume":"148","year":"1992","journal-title":"The Journal of Immunology"},{"issue":"11","key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5687","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.159.11.5687","volume":"159","year":"1997","journal-title":"The Journal of Immunology"},{"issue":"10","key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5383","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.163.10.5383","volume":"163","year":"1999","journal-title":"The Journal of Immunology"},{"issue":"8","key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4546","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.163.8.4546","volume":"163","year":"1999","journal-title":"The Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/ar14"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/362245a0"},{"issue":"6","key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.56.6.672","volume":"56","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Leukocyte Biology"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20014"},{"issue":"10","key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5082","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.160.10.5082","volume":"160","year":"1998","journal-title":"The Journal of Immunology"},{"issue":"2","key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/165.2.344","volume":"165","year":"1992","journal-title":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830230508"},{"key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0701607"},{"issue":"8","key":"41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4344","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.151.8.4344","volume":"151","year":"1993","journal-title":"The Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1361.116"},{"key":"43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199905)42:5<963::AID-ANR15>3.0.CO;2-E"},{"key":"44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002281-200105000-00009"},{"key":"45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20776"},{"key":"46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI5703"}],"container-title":["Mediators of Inflammation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/mi\/2009\/394021.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/mi\/2009\/394021.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/mi\/2009\/394021.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,25]],"date-time":"2023-05-25T22:33:25Z","timestamp":1685054005000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/mi\/2009\/394021\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009]]},"references-count":46,"alternative-id":["394021","394021"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2009\/394021","relation":{},"ISSN":["0962-9351","1466-1861"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0962-9351"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1466-1861"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009]]}}}