{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T06:56:24Z","timestamp":1773298584112,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,1]],"date-time":"2009-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1230768000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Objective<\/jats:italic>. To assess adherence to and acceptability of the diaphragm among 140 female sex workers in Kenya in a 6-month prospective study.<jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>. At baseline and bimonthly visits, participants were interviewed on diaphragm knowledge, attitude, and practices. We used principal component analysis and logistic regression to identify predictors of consistent use.<jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. At 50% of 386 bimonthly visits, women reported consistently using a diaphragm with all partners during the preceding 2 weeks. Consistent use was significantly higher at the 6-month than the 2-month visit. Women reported less covert use with \u201chelping\u201d (regular sex partners to whom she could go for help or support) than with \u201cother\u201d partners. Perceptions that diaphragms are easier to use than condoms and that their lack of coital interruption is important were associated with consistent diaphragm use with both partner types. Partner support of diaphragm use is correlated with consistent use with \u201chelping\u201d partners only while higher parity, consistent condom use, and perceived lack of need of condoms as a benefit of diaphragms were associated with consistent use with \u201cother\u201d partners.<jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>. Diaphragm acceptance among female sex workers in Nairobi was high. Future studies should distinguish between partner types when evaluating diaphragm adherence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2009\/420196","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,7]],"date-time":"2010-03-07T15:30:36Z","timestamp":1267975836000},"page":"1-11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Adherence to Diaphragm Use for Infection Prevention: A Prospective Study of Female Sex Workers in Kenya"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2009","author":[{"given":"Elizabeth A.","family":"Bukusi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Microbiology Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Mbagathi Rd., P.O. Box 54840-00200, Nairobi, Kenya"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, G.P.O, Nairobi, Kenya"},{"name":"Department of Global Health, University of Washington, 1959 N.E. Pacific St., Box 356355 Seattle, WA 98195-6355, USA"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Washington, Box 356560, Seattle, WA 98195-6460, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria F.","family":"Gallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, Mail Stop K-34, Atlanta, GA 30341-3724, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anjali","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Microbiology Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Mbagathi Rd., P.O. Box 54840-00200, Nairobi, Kenya"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Washington, Box 356560, Seattle, WA 98195-6460, USA"},{"name":"International Training and Education Center on HIV (I-TECH), University of Washington, 901 Boren Ave., Suite 1100, Seattle, WA, 98104, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Betty","family":"Njoroge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Microbiology Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Mbagathi Rd., P.O. Box 54840-00200, Nairobi, Kenya"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, G.P.O, Nairobi, Kenya"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Denise J.","family":"Jamieson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, Mail Stop K-34, Atlanta, GA 30341-3724, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosemary","family":"Nguti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mathematics, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, G.P.O, Nairobi, Kenya"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"April J.","family":"Bell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, Mail Stop K-34, Atlanta, GA 30341-3724, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Eschenbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Washington, Box 356560, Seattle, WA 98195-6460, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","first-page":"117","volume-title":"Gender perspectives and STDs","year":"1999"},{"issue":"1","key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1086\/513820","volume":"177","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"2","key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65591-5","volume":"153","year":"1998","journal-title":"American Journal of Pathology"},{"issue":"6","key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5035","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.72.6.5035-5045.1998","volume":"72","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Virology"},{"issue":"3","key":"6","first-page":"475","volume":"85","year":"1995","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"issue":"10","key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-200110000-00005","volume":"28","year":"2001","journal-title":"Sexually Transmitted Diseases"},{"issue":"9219","key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1981","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02336-9","volume":"355","year":"2000","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2003.007153"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60950-7"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200109070-00001"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e3181901aec"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e318175d8ab"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e31815abaa2"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13625180701516989"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/SH06021"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2005.015107"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-005-9013-2"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.olq.0000148301.90343.3a"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.whi.2004.03.003"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e3181958511"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13691050701519730"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-006-9190-7"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.291.21.2555"},{"issue":"1","key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1177\/096228029200100105","volume":"1","year":"1992","journal-title":"Statistical Methods in Medical Research"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1047-2797(02)00436-2"},{"issue":"7","key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-200307000-00005","volume":"30","year":"2003","journal-title":"Sexually Transmitted Diseases"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-005-1687-y"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-7824(93)90063-D"},{"issue":"4","key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1080\/00224490609552329","volume":"43","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Sex Research"}],"container-title":["Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/idog\/2009\/420196.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/idog\/2009\/420196.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/idog\/2009\/420196.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,28]],"date-time":"2020-05-28T23:32:11Z","timestamp":1590708731000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/idog\/2009\/420196\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009]]},"references-count":29,"alternative-id":["420196","420196"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2009\/420196","relation":{},"ISSN":["1064-7449","1098-0997"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1064-7449","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-0997","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009]]}}}