{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T13:53:15Z","timestamp":1753883595437,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,4]],"date-time":"2009-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1236124800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":62,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Union","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We address a symbol decision problem with spectrally efficient energy detected multilevel pulse amplitude modulated (PAM) signals. First, we analytically quantify the relationship between a systematic threshold mismatch and the required increase of the average signal\u2010to\u2010noise ratio to preserve a desired symbol error rate. For the case in which such an increase is not tolerable, we present a novel near\u2010optimal multilevel threshold selection scheme, which is accurate for a wide range of system parameters.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2009\/457342","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,8]],"date-time":"2009-03-08T13:59:19Z","timestamp":1236520759000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Energy Detection of Multilevel PAM Signals with  Systematic Threshold Mismatch"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2009","author":[{"given":"Antti","family":"Anttonen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Kotelba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Aarne","family":"M\u00e4mmel\u00e4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PROC.1967.5573"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AnttonenA. 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