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To this end, researchers are linking disease\nrisk alleles with gene expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL). However, gene expression at the\nmRNA level is only an intermediate trait and flow cytometry analysis can provide more downstream\nand biologically valuable protein level information in multiple cell subsets simultaneously using freshly\nobtained samples. Because the throughput of flow cytometry is currently limited, experiments may\nneed to span over several weeks or months to obtain a sufficient sample size to demonstrate genetic\nassociation. Therefore, normalisation methods are needed to control for technical variability and compare\nflow cytometry data over an extended period of time. We show how the use of normalising\nfluorospheres improves the repeatability of a cell surface CD25-APC mean fluorescence intensity phenotype\non <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>CD<\/mml:mtext><mml:msup><mml:mn>4<\/mml:mn><mml:mo>+<\/mml:mo><\/mml:msup><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math> memory T cells. We investigate two types of normalising beads: broad spectrum and\nspectrum matched. Lastly, we propose two alternative normalisation procedures that are usable in the\nabsence of normalising beads.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2009\/476106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,18]],"date-time":"2009-11-18T15:45:18Z","timestamp":1258559118000},"page":"1-6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Fluorescence Intensity Normalisation: Correcting for Time Effects in Large-Scale Flow Cytometric Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2009","author":[{"given":"Calliope A.","family":"Dendrou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation\/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK"}]},{"given":"Erik","family":"Fung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation\/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Esposito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation\/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK"}]},{"given":"John A.","family":"Todd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation\/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK"}]},{"given":"Linda S.","family":"Wicker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation\/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Plagnol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation\/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05911"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg2489"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02797"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng2109"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1136678"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng2119"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng2102"},{"issue":"9","key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.434","volume":"41","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature Genetics"},{"issue":"6","key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.990090617","volume":"9","year":"1988","journal-title":"Cytometry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0320(19960315)26:1<22::AID-CYTO4>3.0.CO;2-I","volume":"26","year":"1996","journal-title":"Communications in Clinical Cytometry"},{"issue":"1","key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1177\/27.1.220325","volume":"27","year":"1979","journal-title":"Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry"}],"container-title":["Advances in Bioinformatics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/archive\/2009\/476106.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/archive\/2009\/476106.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/archive\/2009\/476106.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,8]],"date-time":"2020-12-08T05:13:00Z","timestamp":1607404380000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/abi\/2009\/476106\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,17]]},"references-count":11,"alternative-id":["476106","476106"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2009\/476106","relation":{},"ISSN":["1687-8027","1687-8035"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1687-8027","type":"print"},{"value":"1687-8035","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,17]]}}}