{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T23:09:38Z","timestamp":1771542578012,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,8]],"date-time":"2009-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1252368000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":250,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Reconfigurable Computing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A true random number generator (TRNG) is an important\ncomponent in cryptographic systems. Designing a fast\nand secure TRNG in an FPGA is a challenging task. In this\npaper, we analyze the TRNG designed by Sunar et al. (2007)\nbased on XOR of the outputs of several oscillator rings. We\npropose an enhanced TRNG with better randomness characteristics\nthat does not require postprocessing and passes\nthe statistical tests. We have shown by experiment that the\nfrequencies of the equal length oscillator rings in the TRNG\nare not identical. The difference is due to the placement of\nthe inverters in the FPGA and the resulting routing between\nthe inverters. We have implemented our proposed TRNG in\nan Altera Cyclone II FPGA. Our implementation has passed\nthe NIST and DIEHARD statistical tests with a throughput\nof 100\u2009Mbps and with a usage of less than 100 logic elements\nin the FPGA. The restart experiments have shown\nthat the output from our TRNG behaves truly random and\nnot pseudorandom.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2009\/501672","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,8]],"date-time":"2009-09-08T14:03:34Z","timestamp":1252418614000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":102,"title":["Analysis and Enhancement of Random Number Generator in FPGA Based on Oscillator Rings"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2009","author":[{"given":"Knut","family":"Wold","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chik How","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_1_2","unstructured":"JunB.andKocherP. 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An embedded true random number generator for FPGAs Proceedings of the ACM\/SIGDA International Symposium on Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA \u203204) 2004 ACM 71\u201378.","DOI":"10.1145\/968280.968292"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"TkacikT. E. A hardware random number generator 2523 Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems (CHES \u203203) 2003 Springer 450\u2013453 Lecture Notes in Computer Science.","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-36400-5_32"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"BucciM.andLuzziR. 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FPGA vendor agnostic true random number generator Proceedings of the International Conference on Field Programmable Logic and Applications (FPL \u203206) 2006 IEEE 1\u20136 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/FPL.2006.311206.","DOI":"10.1109\/FPL.2006.311206"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"VasyltsovI. HambardzumyanE. KimY.-S. andKarpinskyyB. Fast digital TRNG based on metastable ring oscillator 5154 Proceedings of the 10th International Workshop on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems (CHES \u203208) 2008 Springer 164\u2013180 Lecture Notes in Computer Science https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978\u20103\u2010540\u201085053\u20103_11.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-85053-3_11"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DangerJ.-L. GuilleyS. andHoogvortsP. High speed true random number generator based on loop structures in FPGAs Microelectronics Journal. 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Analysis and enhancement of random number generator in FPGA based on oscillator rings Proceedings of the International Conference on Reconfigurable Computing and FPGAs (ReConFig \u203208) 2008 385\u2013390 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ReConFig.2008.17.","DOI":"10.1109\/ReConFig.2008.17"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Reconfigurable Computing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ijrc\/2009\/501672.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ijrc\/2009\/501672.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/2009\/501672","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,10]],"date-time":"2024-06-10T13:40:49Z","timestamp":1718026849000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/2009\/501672"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Lionel","family":"Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/2009\/501672"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2009\/501672","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1687-7195","1687-7209"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1687-7195","type":"print"},{"value":"1687-7209","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2009-02-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2009-06-19","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2009-09-08","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"501672"}}