{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T07:15:36Z","timestamp":1761894936321,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,5]],"date-time":"2009-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1249430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":216,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Biomedical Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Three\u2010dimensional Oximetric Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Imaging using the Single Point Imaging modality generates unpaired spin density and oxygen images that can readily distinguish between normal and tumor tissues in small animals. It is also possible with fast imaging to track the changes in tissue oxygenation in response to the oxygen content in the breathing air. However, this involves dealing with gigabytes of data for each 3D oximetric imaging experiment involving digital band pass filtering and background noise subtraction, followed by 3D Fourier reconstruction. This process is rather slow in a conventional uniprocessor system. This paper presents a parallelization framework using OpenMP runtime support and parallel MATLAB to execute such computationally intensive programs. The Intel compiler is used to develop a parallel C++ code based on OpenMP. The code is executed on four Dual\u2010Core AMD Opteron shared memory processors, to reduce the computational burden of the filtration task significantly. The results show that the parallel code for filtration has achieved a speed up factor of 46.66 as against the equivalent serial MATLAB code. In addition, a parallel MATLAB code has been developed to perform 3D Fourier reconstruction. Speedup factors of 4.57 and 4.25 have been achieved during the reconstruction process and oximetry computation, for a data set with 23 \u00d7 23 \u00d7 23 gradient steps. The execution time has been computed for both the serial and parallel implementations using different dimensions of the data and presented for comparison. The reported system has been designed to be easily accessible even from low\u2010cost personal computers through local internet (NIHnet). The experimental results demonstrate that the parallel computing provides a source of high computational power to obtain biophysical parameters from 3D EPR oximetric imaging, almost in real\u2010time.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2009\/528639","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,5]],"date-time":"2009-08-05T14:59:56Z","timestamp":1249484396000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Reconstruction for Time\u2010Domain in vivo EPR 3D Multigradient Oximetric Imaging\u2014A Parallel Processing Perspective"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2009","author":[{"given":"Christopher D.","family":"Dharmaraj","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kishan","family":"Thadikonda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anthony R.","family":"Fletcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Phuc N.","family":"Doan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nallathamby","family":"Devasahayam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shingo","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Calvin A.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John A.","family":"Cook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James B.","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sankaran","family":"Subramanian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Murali C.","family":"Krishna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3579280"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","first-page":"1562","article-title":"In vivo electron paramagnetic resonance imaging of tumor heterogeneity and oxygenation in a murine model","volume":"58","author":"Kuppusamy P.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cancer Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/43\/7\/017"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.10199"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/152308604773934332"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.20872"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.21194"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI34928"},{"volume-title":"Introduction to Parallel Computing: Design and Analysis of Algorithms","year":"1994","author":"Kumar V.","key":"e_1_2_6_9_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpdc.2005.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","first-page":"285","article-title":"Parallel implementation of end member extraction algorithms from hyper spectral data","volume":"3","author":"Plaza A.","year":"2006","journal-title":"IEEE Geo Science and Remote Sensing Letters"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MEMB.2002.1175145"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/83.869186"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2005.862662"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNS.2006.882295"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8191(99)00025-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/47\/15\/317"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-2607(01)00121-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/47\/15\/307"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-2607(03)00020-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"WuT. 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