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Recent research indicates that HIV\u20101 infection\u2010related events may alter adipose tissue biology through several mechanisms involving PPAR\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>\n                    , ranging from direct effects of HIV\u20101\u2010encoded proteins on adipocytes to the promotion of a proinflammatory environment that interferes with PPAR\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>\n                    actions. This effect of HIV\u20101 on adipose tissue cells can occur even in the absence of direct infection of adipocytes, as soluble HIV\u20101\u2010encoded proteins such as Vpr may enter cells and inhibit PPAR\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>\n                    action. Moreover, repression of PPAR\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>\n                    actions may relieve inhibitory pathways of HIV\u20101 gene transcription, thus enhancing HIV\u20101 effects in infected cells. HIV\u20101 infection\u2010mediated interference of PPAR\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010dependent pathways in adipocytes and other cells inside adipose depots such as macrophages is likely to create an altered local environment that, after antiretroviral treatment, leads to lipodystrophy in HIV\u20101\u2010infected and HAART\u2010treated patients.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2009\/607902","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,2]],"date-time":"2008-12-02T11:21:57Z","timestamp":1228216917000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["HIV\u20101 Infection and the PPAR\n                    <i>\u03b3<\/i>\n                    \u2010Dependent Control of Adipose Tissue Physiology"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2009","author":[{"given":"Marta","family":"Giralt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pere","family":"Domingo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesc","family":"Villarroya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra041811"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.14.11.1293","article-title":"Transcriptional regulation of adipogenesis","volume":"14","author":"Rosen E. 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