{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:48:40Z","timestamp":1787017720601,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,22]],"date-time":"2009-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1258848000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":325,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Advances in Human-Computer Interaction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A Benefit\u2010Cost\u2010Deficit (BCD) model is proposed for analyzing such intentional human errors as barrier removal, the deliberate nonrespect of the rules and instructions governing use of a given system. The proposed BCD model attempts to explain and predict barrier removal in terms of the benefits, costs, and potential deficits associated with this human behaviour. The results of an experimental study conducted on a railway simulator (TRANSPAL) are used to illustrate the advantages of the BCD model. In this study, human operators were faced with barriers that they could choose to deactivate, or not. Their decisions were analyzed in an attempt to explain and predict their choices. The analysis highlights that operators make their decisions using a balance between several criteria. Though barriers are safety\u2010related elements, the decision to remove them is not guided only by the safety criterion; it is also motivated by such criteria as productivity, workload, and quality. Results of prediction supported by the BCD demonstrate the predictability of barrier violation<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2009\/642929","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,22]],"date-time":"2009-11-22T10:30:33Z","timestamp":1258885833000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Human Behaviour Analysis of Barrier Deviations Using  a Benefit\u2010Cost\u2010Deficit Model"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2009","author":[{"given":"Philippe","family":"Polet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric","family":"Vanderhaegen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Millot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_2","unstructured":"SwainA. D. A method for performing a human factors reliability analysis monograph SCR-685 Sandia Corporation albuquerque NM USA 1963."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-7535(97)00049-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","unstructured":"HollnagelE. Accident and barriers Proceedings of the 7th European Conference on Cognitive Science Approaches to Process Control 1999 Villeneuve d\u2032Ascq France 175\u2013180."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2007.06.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_2","unstructured":"SmithS. P. HarrisonM. D. andSchuppB. A. How explicit are the barriers to failure in safety arguments Proceedings of the Computer Safety Reliability and Security (SAFECOMP \u203204) September 2004 Potsdam Germany."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_2","volume-title":"Failure in Safety-Critical Systems: A Handbook of Accident and Incident Reporting","author":"Johnson C. W.","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCA.2004.836805"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-8141(94)00112-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-7535(97)00052-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-7535(00)00045-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139062367"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s101110050010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-7535(02)00037-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s101110200016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2006.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Resilience Engineering: Concepts and Precepts","author":"Woods D.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2008.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1504\/IJAIS.2009.022000"}],"container-title":["Advances in Human-Computer Interaction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ahci\/2009\/642929.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ahci\/2009\/642929.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/2009\/642929","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]],"date-time":"2024-07-02T11:31:08Z","timestamp":1719919868000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/2009\/642929"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Mark","family":"Dunlop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/2009\/642929"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2009\/642929","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1687-5893","1687-5907"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1687-5893","type":"print"},{"value":"1687-5907","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2009-02-11","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2009-08-25","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2009-11-22","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"642929"}}