{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T01:33:24Z","timestamp":1772069604861,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,22]],"date-time":"2009-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1256169600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":294,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MRI-0215356"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MRI-0215356"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Biomedical Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We propose a computer aided detection (CAD) system for the detection and classification of suspicious regions in mammographic images. This system combines a dimensionality reduction module (using principal component analysis), a feature extraction module (using independent component analysis), and a feature subset selection module (using rough set model). Rough set model is used to reduce the effect of data inconsistency while a fuzzy classifier is integrated into the system to label subimages into normal or abnormal regions. The experimental results show that this system has an accuracy of 84.03% and a recall percentage of 87.28%.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2009\/680508","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,22]],"date-time":"2009-10-22T14:29:50Z","timestamp":1256221790000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Hybrid Mammogram Classification Using Rough Set and Fuzzy Classifier"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2009","author":[{"given":"Fadi","family":"Abu-Amara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ikhlas","family":"Abdel-Qader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_2","unstructured":"National Cancer Institute U.S. National Institute of Health May 2009 http:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/cancertopics\/types\/breast."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","unstructured":"BillingsleyJ. Radiologists\u2032 mammogram accuracy varies widely June 2005 http:\/\/news.healingwell.com\/index.php?p=news1&id=526229."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1515\/JISYS.2004.13.2.151","article-title":"Enhanced rough sets rule reduction algorithm for classification digital mammography","volume":"13","author":"Hassanien A. E.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Intelligent Systems"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","first-page":"135","article-title":"A new rough sets model based on database systems","volume":"59","author":"Hu X.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Fundamenta Informaticae"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2006.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2006.01.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2008.05.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"CornelisC.andJensenR. A noise-tolerant approach to fuzzy-rough feature selection Proceedings of the 17th IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems 2008 1598\u20131605.","DOI":"10.1109\/FUZZY.2008.4630585"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2008.08.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"CaballeroY. AlvarezD. BelloR. andGarciaM. M. Feature selection algorithms using rough set theory Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Intelligent Systems Design and Applications (ISDA \u203207) 2007 407\u2013411 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ISDA.2007.4389642 2-s2.0-48349129788.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISDA.2007.4389642"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"YangA.-M. YangY.-X. andJiangS.-Y. Approaches of individual classifier generation and classifier set selection for fuzzy classifier ensemble 1 Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery (FSKD \u203208) 2008 519\u2013524 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/FSKD.2008.365 2-s2.0-58149109189.","DOI":"10.1109\/FSKD.2008.365"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_2","unstructured":"\u00c7elikyilmazA. T\u00fcrksenI. B. AktasR. Mete DoganayM. andBasak CeylanN. A new classifier design with fuzzy functions 4482 Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Rough Sets Fuzzy Sets Data Mining and Granular Computing May 2007 Toronto Canada 136\u2013143 Lecture Notes in Computer Science 2-s2.0-38049038377."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S021821300700331X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2008\/238305"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_2","unstructured":"SwiniarskiR. LimH. K. ShinJ. H. andSkowronA. Independent component analysis principal component analysis and rough sets in hybrid mammogram classification 2 Proceedings of the International Conference on Image Processing Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (IPCV \u203206) June 2006 Las Vegas Nev USA 640\u2013645."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/0471221317"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-6111(02)00031-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_2","first-page":"1365","article-title":"A maximum likelihood approach to single-channel source separation","volume":"4","author":"Jang G.-J.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Machine Learning Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_2","unstructured":"GirolamiM.andFyfeC. Negentropy and kurtosis as projection pursuit indices provide generalized ICA algorithms Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems Blind Signal Separation Workshop December 1996 Aspen Colo USA 249\u2013266."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AbujaradF.andOmarA. Comparison of independent-component-analysis (ICA) algorithms for GPR detection of non-metallic land mines 6365 Image and Signal Processing for Remote Sensing XII September 2006 Stockholm Sweden Proceedings of SPIE https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1117\/12.690146.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.690146"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Del JesusM. J. GonzalezP. andHerreraF. Multiobjective genetic algorithm for extracting subgroup discovery fuzzy rules Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence in Multicriteria Decision Making (MCDM \u203207) 2007 50\u201357 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/MCDM.2007.369416 2-s2.0-34548760287.","DOI":"10.1109\/MCDM.2007.369416"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"RiidA.andRusternE. Neuro-fuzzy extraction of interpretable fuzzy rules from data 3 Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Systems Man and Cybernetics (SMC \u203204) October 2004 The Hague The Netherlands 2266\u20132271.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSMC.2004.1400666"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TFUZZ.2007.903314"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_2","unstructured":"http:\/\/peipa.essex.ac.uk\/ipa\/pix\/mias."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/089976698300017746"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1684(97)00196-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"BartlettM. LadesM. andSejnowskiT. Independent component representation for face recognition Human Vision and Electronic Imaging III January 1998 San Jose Calif USA 528\u2013539 Proceedings of SPIE https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1117\/12.320144.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.320144"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Biomedical Imaging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ijbi\/2009\/680508.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ijbi\/2009\/680508.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/2009\/680508","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,12]],"date-time":"2025-02-12T22:00:49Z","timestamp":1739397649000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/2009\/680508"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Jayanta","family":"Mukherjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/2009\/680508"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2009\/680508","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1687-4188","1687-4196"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1687-4188","type":"print"},{"value":"1687-4196","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2008-12-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2009-07-25","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2009-10-22","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"680508"}}