{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T16:55:35Z","timestamp":1789923335527,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,1]],"date-time":"2009-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1230768000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000097","name":"National Center for Research Resources","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["M01-RR00425"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["M01-RR00425"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000097","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000097","name":"National Center for Research Resources","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FY06-329"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FY06-329"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000097","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000912","name":"March of Dimes Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["M01-RR00425"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["M01-RR00425"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000912","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000912","name":"March of Dimes Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FY06-329"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FY06-329"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000912","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Caspases and apoptosis are thought to play a role in infection-associated preterm-delivery. We have shown that in vitro treatment with pancaspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK protects trophoblasts from microbial antigen-induced apoptosis.\n                    <jats:italic>Objective<\/jats:italic>\n                    . To examine whether in vivo administration of Z-VAD-FMK would prevent infection-induced preterm-delivery.\n                    <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>\n                    . We injected 14.5 day-pregnant-mice with heat-killed group B streptococcus (HK-GBS). Apoptosis within placentas and membranes was assessed by TUNEL staining. Calpain expression and caspase-3 activation were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Preterm-delivery was defined as expulsion of a fetus within 48 hours after injection.\n                    <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Intrauterine (i.u.) or intraperitoneal (i.p.) HK-GBS injection led to preterm-delivery and induced apoptosis in placentas and membranes at 14 hours. The expression of calpain, a caspase-independent inducer of apoptosis, was increased in placenta. Treatment with the specific caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK (i.p.) prior to HK-GBS (i.p.) delayed but did not prevent preterm-delivery.\n                    <jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Caspase-dependent apoptosis appears to play a role in the timing but not the occurrence of GBS-induced preterm delivery in the mouse.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2009\/749432","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,28]],"date-time":"2009-12-28T10:30:19Z","timestamp":1261996219000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Pretreatment with Pancaspase Inhibitor (Z-VAD-FMK) Delays but Does Not Prevent Intraperitoneal Heat-Killed Group B Streptococcus-Induced Preterm Delivery in a Pregnant Mouse Model"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2009","author":[{"given":"Ozlem","family":"Equils","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Steven Spielberg Pediatric Research Center, Burns and Allen Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA"},{"name":"Ahmanson Department of Pediatrics, Steven Spielberg Pediatric Research Center, Burns and Allen Research 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