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The proposed system incorporates an automated spatial filtering technique centred on the common spatial patterns (CSPs) method, an autoscaled and effective signal features extraction which is used for providing an unsupervised biofeedback, and a robust self\u2010paced classifier based on the discriminant analysis theory. The adopted operating protocol is structured in a screening, training, and testing phase aimed at collecting user\u2010specific information regarding best stimulation frequencies, optimal sources identification, and overall system processing chain calibration in only a few minutes. The system, validated on 11 healthy\/pathologic subjects, has proven to be reliable in terms of achievable communication speed (up to 70\u2009bit\/min) and very robust to false positive identifications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2009\/864564","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,3]],"date-time":"2009-05-03T11:23:00Z","timestamp":1241349780000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":102,"title":["A Robust and Self\u2010Paced BCI System Based on a Four Class SSVEP Paradigm: Algorithms and Protocols for a High\u2010Transfer\u2010Rate Direct Brain Communication"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2009","author":[{"given":"Sergio","family":"Parini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Maggi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Anna C.","family":"Turconi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Andreoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(02)00057-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2560\/2\/4\/008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2003.814449"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/ASP.2005.3156"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/86.847819"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2007.09.121"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","unstructured":"MaggiL. 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