{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T03:55:10Z","timestamp":1771473310735,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,1,1]],"date-time":"2000-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":946684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000155","name":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000155","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>BACKGROUND: The optimal topical anesthesia regimen for unsedated transnasal endoscopy is unknown. The addition of a nasal decongestant, such as xylometazoline (X), to a topical anesthestic may improve patient comfort.<\/jats:p><jats:p>OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of lidocaine (L) versus L plus X (LX) for anesthesia in unsedated transnasal endoscopy.<\/jats:p><jats:p>METHODS: Consecutive participants of the Aklavik <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic> project were prospectively randomly assigned to receive LX or L for unsedated transnasal 4.9 mm ultrathin endoscopy. The primary outcome was overall procedure discomfort on a validated 10\u2010point visual analogue scale (1 = no discomfort, 10 = severe discomfort). Secondary outcomes included pain, endoscope insertion difficulty, gagging, adverse events and encounter times. Results were presented as mean \u00b1 SD, difference in mean, 95% CI.<\/jats:p><jats:p>RESULTS: A total of 181 patients were randomly assigned to receive LX (n=94) and L (n=87). Baseline characteristics between the two groups were similar (mean age 40 years, 59% women). Overall, patient procedural discomfort with LX and L were 4.2\u00b12.4 versus 3.9\u00b12.1, respectively (0.29; 95% CI \u22120.39 to 0.96). Transnasal insertion difficulty was significantly lower with LX than with L (2.4\u00b12.1 versus 3.2\u00b12.8, respectively [\u22120.80; 95% CI \u22121.54 to \u22120.06]). Compared with L, the use of LX was associated with significantly less time needed to apply anesthesia (2.4\u00b11.8 min versus 3.5\u00b12.2 min, respectively [\u22121.10; 95% CI \u22121.71 min to \u22120.50 min]) and less time for insertion (3.2\u00b11.8 min versus 3.9\u00b12.2 min, respectively [\u22120.70 min; 95% CI \u22121.30 min to \u22120.10 min]). Epistaxis was rare but occurred less frequently with LX (1.1%) than with L (4.6%) (P=0.19).<\/jats:p><jats:p>CONCLUSIONS: LX did not improve patient comfort for transnasal endoscopy compared with L alone. However, LX was associated with less difficulty with endoscope transnasal insertion and reduced insertion time. Further studies on the optimal regimen and dosing of anesthesia are required.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/154791","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,15]],"date-time":"2016-03-15T07:50:12Z","timestamp":1458028212000},"page":"317-321","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["A Randomized Trial of Topical Anesthesia Comparing Lidocaine Versus Lidocaine Plus Xylometazoline for Unsedated Transnasal Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Justin","family":"Cheung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karen J","family":"Goodman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Bailey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard N","family":"Fedorak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Morse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Millan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Guzowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sander Veldhuyzen","family":"van Zanten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,9]]},"container-title":["Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/cjgh\/2010\/154791.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/2010\/154791","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]],"date-time":"2024-07-30T05:19:51Z","timestamp":1722316791000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/2010\/154791"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,9]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/2010\/154791"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2010\/154791","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2291-2789","2291-2797"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2291-2789","type":"print"},{"value":"2291-2797","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2009-07-09","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}