{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T08:34:25Z","timestamp":1772440465833,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,1]],"date-time":"2010-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1262304000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Papain, a phytotherapeutic agent, has been used in the treatment of eschars and as a debriding chemical agent to remove damaged or necrotic tissue of pressure ulcers and gangrene. Its benefits in these treatments are deemed effective, since more than 5000 patients, at the public university hospital at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, have undergone papain treatment and presented satisfactory results. Despite its extensive use, there is little information about toxic and mutagenic properties of papain. This work evaluated the toxic and mutagenic potential of papain and its potential antioxidant activity against induced-<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mtext>H<\/mml:mtext><mml:mn>2<\/mml:mn><\/mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mtext>O<\/mml:mtext><mml:mn>2<\/mml:mn><\/mml:msub><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>oxidative stress in<jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>strains. Cytotoxicity assay, Growth inhibition test, WP2-Mutoxitest and Plasmid-DNA treatment, and agarose gel electrophoresis were used to investigate if papain would present any toxic or mutagenic potential as well as if papain would display antioxidant properties. Papain exhibited negative results for all tests. This agent presented an activity protecting cells against<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mtext>H<\/mml:mtext><mml:mn>2<\/mml:mn><\/mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mtext>O<\/mml:mtext><mml:mn>2<\/mml:mn><\/mml:msub><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>-induced mutagenesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/197898","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,20]],"date-time":"2010-05-20T14:33:00Z","timestamp":1274365980000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Genotoxic and Cytotoxic Safety Evaluation of Papain (<i>Carica papaya<\/i>L.) 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