{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T12:13:04Z","timestamp":1774527184403,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,1]],"date-time":"2010-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1262304000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 AI50410"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 AI50410"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006808","name":"University of North Carolina","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 AI50410"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 AI50410"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006808","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Background<\/jats:italic>. Vaginal practices (VPs) may increase HIV risk by injuring vaginal epithelium or by increasing risk of bacterial vaginosis, an established risk factor for HIV.<jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>. HIV-negative Zimbabwean women (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>n<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>2<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>,185) participating in a prospective study on hormonal contraception and HIV risk completed an ancillary questionnaire capturing detailed VP data at quarterly followup visits for two years.<jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. Most participants (84%) reported ever cleansing inside the vagina, and at 40% of visits women reported drying the vagina using cloth or paper. Vaginal tightening using cloth\/cotton wool, lemon juice, traditional herbs\/powders, or other products was reported at 4% of visits. Women with<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mml:mrow><mml:mo>\u2265<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>15<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>unprotected sex acts monthly had higher odds of cleansing (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 1.17, 95% CI: 1.04\u20131.32). Women with sexually transmitted infections had higher odds of tightening (aOR: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.08\u20131.86).<jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>. Because certain vaginal practices were associated with other HIV risk factors, synergism between VPs and other risk factors should be explored.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/387671","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,24]],"date-time":"2010-08-24T18:34:23Z","timestamp":1282674863000},"page":"1-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Vaginal Practices of HIV-Negative Zimbabwean Women"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2010","author":[{"given":"Abigail Norris","family":"Turner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Medical Center, 410 West 10th Avenue, Doan Hall, N-11, Columbus, OH 43210, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles S.","family":"Morrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Family Health International, Division of Behavioral and Biomedical Research, 2224 E NC Hwy 54, Durham, NC 27713, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marshall W.","family":"Munjoma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UZ-UCSF Collaborative Research Programme, 15 Phillips Avenue, Belgravia, Harare 00263, Zimbabwe"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Precious","family":"Moyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UZ-UCSF Collaborative Research Programme, 15 Phillips Avenue, Belgravia, Harare 00263, Zimbabwe"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tsungai","family":"Chipato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UZ-UCSF Collaborative Research Programme, 15 Phillips Avenue, Belgravia, Harare 00263, Zimbabwe"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. 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