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On the other hand, the chemotherapeutic drugs in current use for the treatment of this disease are toxic and problems of resistance are increasing (see Kennedy (2004) and Legros et al. (2002)). Therefore, alternative approaches in both treatment and vaccination against trypanosomiasis are needed at this time. To be able to design and develop such alternatives, the biology of this parasite and the host response against the pathogen need to be studied. These two aspects of this disease with few examples of alternative approaches are discussed here.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/389153","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,24]],"date-time":"2010-02-24T01:59:13Z","timestamp":1266976753000},"page":"1-24","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Immunobiology of African Trypanosomes: Need of Alternative Interventions"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2010","author":[{"given":"Toya Nath","family":"Baral","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Dr. Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0R6"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2004.10.001"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.2001.00669.x"},{"key":"5","series-title":"WHO Technical Report Series, no. 881","year":"1998"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-706X(93)90089-T"},{"issue":"1","key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4017(76)90059-5","volume":"2","year":"1976","journal-title":"Veterinary Parasitology"},{"key":"9","year":"1973"},{"issue":"2","key":"10","first-page":"266","volume":"25","year":"1994","journal-title":"The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2005.73.491","volume":"73","year":"2005","journal-title":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"issue":"7","key":"12","first-page":"62","volume":"80","year":"2005","journal-title":"Weekly Epidemiological Record"},{"key":"13","first-page":"43","volume":"39","year":"1966","journal-title":"Ergebnisse der Mikrobiologie, Immunitatsforschung und Experimentellen Therapie"},{"key":"14","volume-title":"Protozoaires Flagell\u00e9s (Trypanosomatida): parasite du sang et des tissues. 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