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Besides the morphological differentiation from procyclic to infective metacyclic promastigotes, the parasite undergoes biochemical transformations in its major surface lipophosphoglycan (LPG). An upregulation of<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>\u03b2<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>-glucose residues was previously shown in the LPG repeat units from procyclic to metacyclic phase in<jats:italic>Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis<\/jats:italic>, which has not been reported in any<jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>species. LPG has been implicated as an adhesion molecule that mediates the interaction with the midgut epithelium of the sand fly in the Subgenus<jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>. These adaptations were explored for the first time in a species from the Subgenus<jats:italic>Viannia, L. (V.) braziliensis<\/jats:italic>with its natural vectors<jats:italic>Lutzomyia (Nyssomyia) intermedia<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Lutzomyia (Nyssomyia) whitmani<\/jats:italic>. Using two in vitro binding techniques, phosphoglycans (PGs) derived from procyclic and metacyclic parasites were able to bind to the insect midgut and inhibit<jats:italic>L. braziliensis<\/jats:italic>attachment. Interestingly,<jats:italic>L. braziliensis<\/jats:italic>procyclic parasite attachment was<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mrow><mml:mo>\u223c<\/mml:mo><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>11-fold greater in the midgut of<jats:italic>L. whitmani<\/jats:italic>than in<jats:italic>L. intermedia<\/jats:italic>. The epidemiological relevance of<jats:italic>L. whitmani<\/jats:italic>as a vector of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ACL) in Brazil is discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/439174","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,24]],"date-time":"2009-11-24T15:30:40Z","timestamp":1259076640000},"page":"1-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Differential Midgut Attachment of<i>Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis<\/i>in the Sand Flies<i>Lutzomyia (Nyssomyia) whitmani<\/i>and<i>Lutzomyia (Nyssomyia) intermedia<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2010","author":[{"given":"Rodrigo P.","family":"Soares","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Medical Entomology, Centro de Pesquisas Ren\u00e9 Rachou\/FIOCRUZ, Avenue Augusto de Lima 1715, 30190-002 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carina","family":"Margonari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Medical 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